tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70772140218537294542024-02-08T07:44:29.056-08:00Sample act essayBardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.comBlogger245125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-47054997050913308002020-08-27T19:12:00.001-07:002020-08-27T19:12:09.861-07:00Marketing Principles A Case Study of ColesQuestion: Examine about theMarketing Principlesfor aCase Study of Coles. Answer: Presentation As clarified by Deloitte (2012), the limited time blend is one P of the four Ps of showcasing blend and it very well may be assessed as a mix of deals advancement, promoting, individual selling, and exposure of the items and administrations of the association. The accompanying report would contentiously break down the two components of special blend to be specific publicizing and deals advancement for the retail location of Coles. A few recommendations for the further improvement of the procedures utilized for the publicizing and deals advancement of Coles has been featured in this report. Choice of Retail Outlet: Coles Coles is an Australian grocery store that had been offering amazing types of assistance and items to its clients since April, 1914 (Coles.com.au 2017). The extraordinary administrations to the clients and worth advantages to the a great many individuals of Australia has made the association to develop in its drawn out responsibility for creating maintainable future and advancement for their tasks. The association has been giving quality, worth and administrations to its clients. The organization has created and developed with the assistance of ascent of innovation and their dedication for giving best of administrations. Choice and Analysis of Two Promotional Mix (Advertising and Sales Promotion) The notice and deals advancement are two components of the special blend that can be utilized for advancing the activities of the Coles grocery store in Australian landmass (Ward 2014). These two components have been characterized beneath, Publicizing: Advertising is the most conspicuous and successful limited time methodology to pull in clients. The publicizing comprises of the procedure for arriving at gigantic quantities of individuals with the assistance of mass correspondence intends to advance their administrations and items (Muralidharan and Xue 2015). The advantages of commercial techniques incorporate the support of large scale manufacturing of merchandise, mass notice to all the clients and individuals is conceivable, and practical methods for advancing their items and administrations. Figure 1: Various sorts of Advertisements (Source: Muralidharan and Xue 2015, pp-226) Deals Promotion: The deal advancement is useful for giving different offers, limits and different attractions to the clients for causing them to use the administrations of the association (Santini et al. 2015). The deals limited time special is approve just with the offer of the products to the clients. There are a few sorts of deals advancement systems that are been utilized by the retail outlets, for example, coupons, gift vouchers, vouchers, reliability cards, and so on. The utilization of these sorts of methodologies permits the association in making client progressively cheerful and fulfilled. Figure 2: Various sorts of Sales advancement (Source: Santini et al. 2015, pp-188) Conversation on Selected Promotional Mix at Coles The showcasing systems of Coles incorporate the print and media strategies for publicizing and all year lower costs of products for their activities (Nenycz-Thiel 2012). It had been useful for making individuals pulled in to the visit and shop at Coles. Publicizing Promotional Strategy Analysis of Coles As indicated by Deloitte (2012), the publicizing special procedure of Coles incorporates the utilization of Print and Media innovation. Coles has been utilizing the different magazines, paper and pennants for promoting their general stores. Different spots of Australia have been finished with the property and street side pennants of Coles. The flyers of the grocery store permit publicizing the market to the ordinary bystander individuals (Dwivedi 2012). The paper and magazines additionally fill the need of commercial of Coles. Plausible Drawbacks: The impact of advanced media like Television, Online Websites, and different Social Medias has had the effect of Print and Media for commercial low. The vast majority of the individuals these days want to look online for any product or administrations. Deals Promotional Strategy Analysis of Coles The deals special methodology of Coles incorporates the execution of low costs of items and wares (Hattersley 2013). The lower costs of the items and products from the nearby market have been useful for pulling in more clients for purchasing and shopping from Coles. The association has been giving best nature of items at the most improved costs to its clients all the all year. Plausible Drawbacks: However, in the current situation the lower costs of items have not been useful for making any expansion in the deals of Coles (Santini et al. 2015). The contenders of Coles have been utilizing occasional deals and different limits and offers for increasing upper hand over Coles. Suggestions The advancement of innovation has made it evitable for utilizing innovation for the notice and deals advancements of Coles. A few suggestions for improving the ad and deals advancement of Coles have been given beneath, Utilization of Digital Media for Advertisement Web based life and Web based stage: The different internet based life stages like Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter and online advertisements on various sites (like Google, Yahoo, and so on.) can be utilized for advancing the store items among general individuals. TV and Covert notices: The communicate publicizing of Coles by utilizing Televisions business advertisements would likewise help in improving the publicizing advancements of Coles. Incognito promotion is the most recent pattern of publicizing any item wherein the advertisement of the item would be shown in cinemas before the underlying credits of the motion pictures. Giving Various Offers to Sales Promotion Offers and limits: The different offers and limits on items and administrations at Coles would likewise will in general draw in individuals for shopping from the grocery store. Occasional Sales: The celebration and occasional deals at Coles would likewise help in drawing in increasingly number of clients for shopping at the shop. Blessing Vouchers and Loyalty cards: The incorporation of blessing vouchers and dedication cards for the normal clients would likewise help in occupying bigger horde of clients at Coles. End It very well may be finished up from the report that the utilization of limited time blend would help in giving expanded number of clients and improved tasks at Coles. The association had been utilizing print and media for notice and low value procedure for deals advancement. In any case, the report had demonstrated that the utilization of advanced media and arrangement of different offers and limits would fill the need of improved systems for commercial and deals advancement. References Coles.com.au, 2017.About Coles. [online] www.coles.com.au. Accessible at: https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles [Accessed 17 Feb. 2017]. Deloitte, 2012. Investigation of the Grocery business; Cole Supermarkets Australia, Sydney, Australia: Deloitte Access Economics Pty Ltd. Dwivedi, A. M. 2012. Brand, worth and relationship values and steadfastness goals in the Australian general store industry..Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.,19(5), pp. 526-536. Hattersley, L. 2013. General store power, own-names, and maker counter-systems: global relations of participation and rivalry in the natural product canning industry. Farming and Human Values, pp. 1-9. Muralidharan, S. what's more, Xue, F., 2015. Impact of TV endorser types on publicizing perspectives and buy aim among Indian provincial ladies: an exploratory study.Asian Journal of Communication,25(2), pp.213-231. Nenycz-Thiel, M. 2012. Worth for-cash impression of grocery store and private marks.. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 20(2), pp. 171-177. Santini, F.D.O., Sampaio, C.H., Perin, M.G., Espartel, L.B. also, Ladeira, W.J., 2015. Directing impacts of deals advancement types.BAR-Brazilian Administration Review,12(2), pp.169-189. Ward, M., 2014. Coles centers around ordinary lower costs in new battle. [online] Available at: https://mumbrella.com.au/coles-centers 261305 [Accessed 17 Feb. 2017]. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-78723304001288970382020-08-22T12:55:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:55:23.615-07:00Slacks and calluses free essay sampleSlacks and Calluses: Our Summer in a Bomber Factory Women had alternate points of view during World War 2. Many served in various parts of military. Some worked in war creations plants. Most ladies remained at home and had different obligations to bring up youngsters, balance check books, and some worked in war-related office Jobs, while the men did battle. Notwithstanding industrial facility work and other front Jobs around 350,000 ladies Joined the Armed administrations, serving at home and abroad. Rosie the Riveter, later turned into a well known purposeful publicity for ladies. While ladies worked in an assortment of positions shut to them the business saw the best increment in females laborers. In excess of 310,000 ladies worked in the U. S. airplane industry in 1943, speaking to 65 percent of the business absolute workforce. The business enrolled ladies laborers, spoke to by the U. S. government. In Slacks and Calluses these ladies were utilized at Consolidated Voltee Aircraft, situated in San Diego. We will compose a custom exposition test on Slacks and calluses or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This book identifies with the day by day obligations, moving standards and the work arranges in the mid year of 1943. Swing shift on a 8-24 creation lives at an aircraft plant. Two ladies by the names of Constance Bowman and Clara Marie Allen recounted to the account of what went on day by day while they worked at the aircraft plant. A few inquiries should have been replied however. What does Slacks and Calluses uncover about social class in lives of ladies? Does Slacks and Calluses bolster the possibility that the nation anxiously grasped the possibility of ladies leaving the home to work in industrial facilities for war creation? Did the ladies in the production lines work there out of a feeling of enthusiasm, or in light of the fact that they needed different chances? The social class pressure brought about by the genuine work as educators gradually blurred away. They immediately understood that educating was not their genuine Jobs any longer. Towards the finish of summer they support ladies line laborers who have not completed their secondary school certificate to concede to that objective. The manner in which ladies dressed began to affect a job. Ladies were beginning to look progressively manly in light of the garbs that they needed to work in. The main time ladies were dealt with like women were the point at which they wore skirts. Individuals took a gander at these ladies as average workers, and they were continually being disregarded and slighted. Ladies were not paid attention to or given uch consideration. Managers precluded ladies positions from claiming power barring them from the dynamic procedure of the organization. Ladies needed to be dealt with like the male laborers and not given extraordinary thought Just on the grounds that they were ladies. The nation had no real option except to have the ladies in the processing plants. They required their assistance and were not going to gripe about it. They knew with additional hands that, that would have been a simpler method to win the war. The administration approached to the ladies and decisively, they went. They offered an explanation to whatever work that should have been finished. They worked a 52 hour week at 68 pennies for every hour. They were completely arranged and realized that their late spring Jobs would end soon. There work ruled their evenings and days. The majority of their work was outside too. Despite the fact that a few ladies would much rather be at home aiding there families different ways they despite everything figured out how to land their other Position total also. Numerous individuals question if ladies went into the war in light of energy or relying upon age, race, class, conjugal status, and number of kids. They change from lower-paying female Jobs to more lucrative industrial facility Jobs. While enthusiasm nfluenced ladies, eventually it was the monetary motivating forces that persuaded them to work. In Slacks and Calluses these two ladies, Constance and Clara Marie made an awesome Showing while specialist in San Diego. Other female fields were instructing, nursing, and doing other household work, while Constance and Clara Marie were out working with the men, alongside others. They explored their way through a working world and figured out how to fabricate a ton of things. These ladies were known as Rosie the Riveter. They were the faithful, energetic, and pretty ladies. These ladies were atriotic and anxious to re-feminized through their work and attire. They exchanged there cloth suits and diving caps in for blue cotton production line slacks and tough shoes. They pressed a couple of apparatuses or whatever they thought would help. They endured with throbbing muscles and feet, foul hands, and missed out on huge amounts of rest. It got to the heart of the matter where female representatives were not, at this point courteous and men would not, at this point offer their seats to them on the off chance that it was packed on transports. They were begun to be treated as though they were men. Such a significant number of these ladies were energetic and thought about their nation enough to help. Not a great deal of ladies would set aside the effort to get ridiculed Just on the grounds that. They realized that their nation required them and the majority of them would effectively help. During World War 2 the picture of ladies changed. It was just impermanent however. Be that as it may, the street took by ladies in the work power during World War 2 continued later on. Constance and Clara Marie turned into a major effect on the ladies who assisted during this time. They took a wide range of analysis from individuals they here and there worked with as well as for the most part outcasts. Be that as it may, they became more grounded ladies and had the option to fght through anything. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-42485648244640255562020-08-21T10:37:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:37:14.391-07:00Essay Writing Mathematics - Get the Right SequenceEssay Writing Mathematics - Get the Right SequenceIf you are a student who has strong analytical skills, you may find essay writing a bit daunting at first. Mathematics essays have long been one of the most dreaded parts of any college course. For many students, the reasons for writing this type of essay are rooted in fear of failing or being called to be a witness for a court case. Regardless of the reason, it is important to realize that there are actually ways to make your mathematics essay successful.The goal of a mathematics essay is to provide the reader with an explanation of a concept. The essay typically begins with an introduction to the topic that sets the stage for the rest of the essay. Some of the traditional forms of introduction are using metaphors, using illustrations, and using examples of the topic from different angles. This will usually be followed by a paragraph summarizing the main points of the essay, the key ideas of the essay, and providing the reader with a short summary of what is to follow.The next part of a mathematics essay is a thesis statement that explains the central idea of the paper. The word 'essay' is only a common name for this type of statement, but a mathematical statement is always written in the singular. In this section, the author should provide an example of what is being demonstrated in the introduction.The conclusion section provides an example of the main ideas in the essay. The author should include the point of view of the audience that the author intends to reach in the conclusion section of the paper. The author's argument should then be supported by a supporting argument in the introduction, and by the main points of the thesis statement.Mathematics essay writing can also consist of a few critical thinking exercises. When taking these types of tests, the author must know the rules of logic, while at the same time be able to solve for the answers given by the question. When all three of these factors are met , then the question is solved correctly and the reasoning behind it is not known.One of the most important things to remember when essay writing mathematics is that there are many different ways to write the paper. Different sections of the paper should have different sections written for them, as well as having different paragraphs for the introduction, the conclusion, and the discussion of the reader. Make sure that the sections of the paper are always written so that the reader can clearly follow what is to follow.The ideas in each section should be used to expand upon the others. These sections should also be included in a different style to help the reader distinguish between each section and help them determine which portion of the section they are reading. Most people do not know how to start an essay, so it is important to make this part as easy as possible for them.By using the different types of sentence structures, and by adding a few different types of words, you can eas ily create a well thought out mathematics essay. Using these tips will allow you to write the next math essay that you have written. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-17556792683718616892020-05-26T02:59:00.001-07:002020-05-26T02:59:03.136-07:007 aportaciones de los hispanos a Estados Unidos Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-52687558837035259622020-05-15T09:34:00.001-07:002020-05-15T09:34:08.323-07:00Early Roman History Essays - 931 Words Early Roman History As Greece reached the height of its prosperity Rome which lye slightly to the west slowly began its rise as a civilization. The Greeks centered their culture around Art and literature whereas opposed to the Romans who settled their culture upon warfare and leadership. Without planning, would rise very steadily as an empire. Shortly before Christ most of the surrounding cities and nations were at peace under Romes rule. Early Romans kept no written records. Their history is so mixed up with fables and myths that historians have difficulty distinguishing fact from fiction. Historians only know of two early works of Roman history, the history of Livy and the Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Junius Brutus led the rebellion against Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC. The young republic was now set out on its long career of almost constant warfare and conquest. At the time it did not seem destined to rule the civilized world. It was only a tiny city-state, much like the city-states that were flourishing at the same time in Greece. Rome was now well launched on its way to world domination. One conquest led to another. Upper Italy, Sicily, Spain, Macedonia, Greece and Asia Minor were subdued and made Roman provinces. Intoxicated with their sudden rise to power, the new generation of statesmen departed from the wise policies of their great predecessors. They fought ruthlessly and ruined the countries they conquered. Governors administrated most of the conquered lands. Wealth poured into Rome from all over the world, and the ancient simplicity of Roman life gave way to luxury and pomp. Morals were undermined, and vice and corruption flourished. Enriched office holders acquired estates and bought up the little farms of peasants. Soon the peasants were poor and homeless. The streets of the capital were now flooded with hordes of poverty-stricken people, ruined farmers, discharged soldiers and idlers from Italy. War of class against class was soon to come. The Gracchi brothers came forward as champions of the people. They proposed laws to redistribute the public lands and to limit the powers of the corrupt and selfishShow MoreRelatedThe Roman And Roman Rome1666 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Roman Catacombs Rome today is a bustling and diverse city teeming with history and culture that dates back to thousands of years. 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When Christians were dispersed throughout the Roman Empire after the destruction of Jerusalem, Christian parents - both Jewish and Gentile- faced a dilemma for their childrenââ¬â¢s education. The Jewish people had a long history of their c ommitment to the spiritual education of their children. They were the firstRead MoreThe Christianization of Rome702 Words à |à 3 Pageseffectively became the official religion of the Roman state. JUPITER, THE CAPITOLINE TRIAD AT A RELATIVELY EARLY DATE, THE SKY-GOD JUPITER (GENERALLY EQUATED WITH THE GREEK GOD ZEUS) TOOK ON GREAT IMPORTANCE IN THE ROMAN STATE RELIGION. HIS MAIN TEMPLE IN ROME, THAT OF JUPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS (THE BEST AND GREATEST) WAS ESTABLISHED ON THE CAPITOLINE HILL IN 509 BC AT THE BEGINNING OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC, AND WAS REBUILT SEVERAL TIMES THROUGHOUT ROMAN HISTORY. THE IMAGE SHOWN HERE DEPICTS THE CAPITOLIUMRead More Latin Literature In History Essay1193 Words à |à 5 Pages Latin Literature in History nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Greek literature was one of the numerous Greek accomplishments from which Romans drew immense influence. The Romans picked up first on the Greek embrace of rhetoric, which became an educational standard, given that a manââ¬â¢s rhetoric, his ability to ââ¬Å"push the buttonsâ⬠of the subject audience by way of speeches, supplemented the manââ¬â¢s rise to political power. But as rhetoric began to diminish from Roman daily life following Romeââ¬â¢s imperializationRead More Events Surrounding Josephus writing Description of the Roman Army925 Words à |à 4 Pagescommending the Romans, as of comforting those that have been conquered by them, and for the deterring others from attempting innovations under their government. This discourse of the Roman military conduct may also perhaps be of use to such of the curious as are ignorant of it, and yet have a mind to know it.â⬠ââ¬âexcerpt from ââ¬Å"Description of the Roman Army,â⬠by Josephus Josephus, a Jewish priest, was said to be hated by his Jewish people for the relationship he held with Rome and the Romans hated himRead MoreRoman Art Of Ancient Rome1707 Words à |à 7 PagesThe art of Rome is considered completed art of ancient society. Legitimately argue that, although Roman masters continued the tradition of Hellenic, yet the art of ancient Rome - an independent phenomenon, determined by the course and the course of historical events, and living conditions, and the originality of religious beliefs, character traits of the Romans, and other factors. Roman art as a special artistic phenomenon began to study only in the twentieth century is essentially realized onlyRead MoreRole of Women in Ancient Roman Society Essay1341 Words à |à 6 Pageswomen in ancient Greece, but in other matters they were only allowed a very modest degree of rights and privileges. One thing that does seem clear is that as the city-state of Rome evolved from its early days into a more complex society; women were not always limited to secondary roles. In some areas of Roman society, women were allowed more freedoms than in many other ancient civilizations. Research: This paper will explore the historical research that indicates what roles women were allowed to play Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-41205443558251497902020-05-06T16:25:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:25:33.982-07:00Horrific Affect of Pestcides in A Fable for Tomorrow from... Everyday people all over the world try to improve the qualities of their lives. Nonetheless, they forget that what they do can have severe harms and damages on the environment and other organisms. In the excerpt ââ¬Å"A Fable for Tomorrowâ⬠from the book Silent Spring, Rachel Carson describes the disastrous and horrific effects of pesticides on the environment and animals of the town. In the essay ââ¬Å"Our Animal Ritesâ⬠by Anna Quindlen, she shows the inhumanity of animal hunting by human. Furthermore, she argues how human migration is destroying the natural habitats that belong to the animals. In the excerpt ââ¬Å"Reading the Riverâ⬠from the autobiographical book Life on Mississippi, Mark Twain describes how he loses the ability to perceive theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This suggests that the roadsides was once beautiful and bloomed with healthy and lively vegetation; however, they are now destroyed due to the use of pesticides. From these examples, it can b e shown that even though pesticide is beneficial, its deadly effects outweigh its benefits; in addition, it is a dangerous substances to the environment, organisms, and even human. Animal hunting is not only inhumane but can also lead to the extinction of many species. In the essay ââ¬Å"Our Animal Ritesâ⬠, Quindlen asserts that it is ââ¬Å"pathetic to consider the firepowerâ⬠the hunters use in order to ââ¬Å"bring down one fair-sized deerâ⬠(33). In this quote, she explains that the use of firepower by human to kill innocent animals is unfair and heartrending. Furthermore, Quindlen describes that even though the bears are killed by the ââ¬Å"smilingâ⬠and triumphant hunters after the ââ¬Å"three bear days in the autumn,â⬠the bears look ââ¬Å"more dignified than they doâ⬠(33). This suggests that hunting animals is not entertaining but rather unacceptable and disgraceful. Furthermore, many species can become extinct due to excessive hunting. In an ecology class, I learned that the extinction rate of species each year is approximately two hundred to two thousand each year. This is an extremely high and alerting rate since there is only around two million species that has been scientifically identified on the planet. In these examples, it can be concluded that the hunting of innocent animals is atrocious and Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-88303514233529313512020-05-05T19:17:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:17:13.223-07:00Good CSR Practices Samples for Students â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Good CSR Practices. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the good corporate social responsibility practices that are conducted by every company for the welfare of society. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is a form of corporate self-regulation combined into a business model. The examples related to the good practice are presented in the report which might include demonstrations of environmental, responsibility, good governance practice and ethical or community-oriented behaviors (Tai Chuang, 2014). Examples of the companies with good CSR practices: Google The worlds most popular search engine company Google is also one of the companies who perform the good corporate social responsibility practice. The company has made some of the aggressive moves on the multiple fronts towards the good citizenship. Some of the examples of companys efforts are Google Green. Google Green is one of the corporate effort to generate the awareness regarding the efficient use of resources and to support renewable power. Apart from this, the company is working effectively so that they can reduce its carbon footprint and make their products safe and better for the environment of the society (Moreno, 2015). The company provides the facilitating green commuting to decrease the energy use at their data centers to recycling old equipment. The company inspects the each and every part of their business with an environmental lens. Xerox Xerox Corporation is one of the American global corporations that sell digital document and print along with the document technology products in approximately more than 160 countries. A well-known leading printing giant Xerox provides many such programs that support the corporate social responsibility. The community involvement program encourages welfare of society by involving the employees was introduces by company (Vertigans Idowu, 2017). Since the year 1974, approximately million of employees participated in the program initiated by the company. The company earmarked over $1.3 million to facilitate the 13,000 employees to contribute to the community-focused causes in the year 2013 (Moreno, 2015). The company got the acknowledgment from the community but along with this the company also got the support from their employees. Xerox Company is involved in various CSR initiatives from the Green World Alliance to contribution in the Electronic Industry Citizen Coalition. TOMS shoes TOMS is one of the companies which are not well known in the market but the charity work done by the company is impressive. The company came into the existence with the idea of giving back. TOMS corporate social responsibility practice is towards the needs of the children that is essential for society. After selling every pair of shoes the company donates the pair of shoes to a child who needs it. This initiate shows the caring attitude of the company towards the kids and now the current vision of the company is care for kids. The company has already donated more than 10 million pairs of shoes to the kids. The company keeps launching new initiatives after acknowledging the problems faced by the communities across the world (Espenson, 2014). For instance; TOMS Eyewear helped 400,000 people to restore the eyesight by providing them eyewear treatment. TOMS Roasting Co. offered more than 335,000 weeks of fresh and safe water in almost 6 countries. Along with this TOMS, bag collection is providing the support to the pregnant women for safe delivery. For this approach, the company is providing training for skilled birth attendants and distributing birth kits containing items (Al-Bender, 2017). Ben Jerrys The company came into existence in the year 1985 by Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield. Since its foundation company is focused towards the corporate social responsibility and they were also aware of the fact of connecting the employees with the company. To accomplish the goals associated with the CSR practice the company created Ben Jerry foundation". The company decided to give 7.5% of its pretax profits to the charitable organization across the world. Ben Jerry always presented its deep respect for the human being irrespective they are working for a company or not. Due to this, the company donated approximately 2 million dollar to a different organization with the motive that this amount will create the positive impact on the society (Murray, 2015). Currently, the foundation awards more than $1.8 million every year to fund community action, sustainability, social change, and some other initiatives in the home state and around the world. BMW BMW is a German multinational company which currently manufactures automobiles and motorcycles. The company established in the year 1916 and has its headquarters in Munich, Bavaria. BMW grasps the pride of being one of the most socially responsible companys within the industry. The company has set the goal of helping more than one million people by the year 2020. To accomplish the goal the company has the plan to form programs like The Schools Environmental Education Development as this program help to generate the social and environmental issues. The key success of the CSR of BMW is the alignment and the balance of the company between a good business model and the social causes (ArAs, 2016). The company has already finished 100 years in the business and along with that, the company is successful in maintaining sustainability index. Overall, the aspect of the company's operations is social responsibility program of the company which consists of education, wellness, inter-cultural und erstanding as a key tenet of an obligation to the stable economic development and social peace. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that there are numerous companies who like to bring changes in the society and for that, these companies take the responsibility to bring the welfare of the society. The report reflects the details related to the examples of companies who understand their responsibility towards the society due to which they initiate different programs for the welfare. Bibliography Al-Bender, I. (2017). 10 Examples of exemplary CSR initiatives. Retrieved February 14, 2018, from https://www.prezly.com/academy/relationships/csr/10-examples-of-exemplary-csr-initiatives ArAs, G. (2016). A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Espenson, A. (2014). 5 Companies Doing Corporate Social Responsibility Right. Retrieved February 14, 2018, from https://www.business2community.com/social-business/5-companies-corporate-social-responsibility-right-0951534 Moreno, C. (2015). Doing Their Part: 3 Excellent Examples of Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved February 14, 2018, from https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/doing-their-part-3-excellent-examples-of-corporate-social-responsibility/ Murray, J. (2015). Ben Jerry's Struggles with Corporate Social Responsibility in an International Context. Journal of Legal Studies Education, 32(2), 287-312. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility. Ibusiness, 6(03), 117. Vertigans, S., Idowu, S. O. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility . Springer International Publishing. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-38043519506814347902020-04-13T04:40:00.001-07:002020-04-13T04:40:03.397-07:00Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay ExampleTesco Case Study with Questions Essay Tesco, well known as Britainââ¬â¢s leading food retail group with a presence also in Europe and Asia has also been a pioneer online. As this Tesco. com case study shows, retailer Tesco is generally recognized as the worlds largest online grocer and it has an annual turnover of ? 1 billion online in the UK and has launched in other countries, internationally and is diversifying into non-food categories. http://www. tescocorporate. com/plc/ In 2006/7, Tesco. com sales were reported to be sales up 29. %, profit (pre-Direct start-up costs) up 48. 5%; â⬠¢More details on online sales and non-food sales details are also provided in the main www. tescoplc. com/plc/ Today the tesco. com model operates in the UK, the Republic of Ireland and South Korea. Online grocery sales have exceeded ? 1 billion for the first time in the UK alone. We have an active customer base of 850,000 and more than 250,000 orders are now being completed each week. In the UK, nearly 1,860 vans operate out of 294 stores. In our Newcastle store our service is so popular that there are now 18 vans delivering to local customers. Drivers deliver between 9am and 11pm, and our staff start picking our customersââ¬â¢ orders from 6am. A record-breaking 1. 3 million shoppers chose tesco. com to deliver their presents and groceries over Christmas, and to make sure that these were all picked successfully, our staff started picking even earlier, at 4am. Tesco. com have around 9,000 pickers, the majority in existing stores, but one specific delivery store has been opened in Croydon. ttp://www. theregister. co. uk/2006/01/17/tesco_mobile_xmas/ 1. Sales at Tesco. com, the UK market leader in home shopping, rose by 32% year-on-year, but they still only represent over 3% of its UK sales of ? 32. 7bn! Tesco said it had 750,000 regular customers and 200,000 orders a week online giving a total turnover approaching ? 1 billion Update Tesco Direct launched Read http://www. internetretailer. com/2006/10/06/u-k-s-tesco-l aunches-tesco-direct-for-non-food-online-sales In 2006, Tesco launched Tesco Direct to rival catalogue retailers such as Argos. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over 8,000 products will be available from beds and sofas through to kitchenware, electricals, cameras, bikes and golf clubs giving customers more products at great Tesco prices than they have ever had access to before. Customers can choose the product they want on a new website or from a new catalogue and then order in one of three ways: â⬠¢On-line via the tesco. com website â⬠¢By phone â⬠¢In selected stores at the new Tesco Direct desks In the press release for this update it was reported that Tesco. com now has ? million regular grocery shoppers with over 200,000 orders per week and achieved over ? 1 billion in sales in 2005. Tesco Product ranges The Tesco. com site acts as a portal to most of Tescos products, including various non-food ranges (for example, Books, DVDs and Electrical items under the ââ¬ËExtraââ¬â¢ banner), Tesco Personal Finance and the telecoms businesses, as well as services offered in partnership with specialist companies, such as dieting clubs, flights and holidays, music downloads, gas, electricity and DVD rentals. It does not currently sell clothing online but in May 2005 it introduced a clothing website (www. clothingattesco. com), initially at to showcase Tescos clothing brands and link customers to their nearest store with this range. Tesco Competitors Tesco currently leads the UKââ¬â¢s other leading grocery retailers in terms of market share. This pattern is repeated online. The compilation below is from Hitwise (2005) and the figures in brackets show market share for traditional offline retail formats from the Taylor Nelson Softres Super Panel (see http://superpanel. tns-global. com). 1. Tesco Superstore, 27. 28% (29% of retail trade) 2. ASDA, 13. 36% 3. ASDA @t Home, 10. 13% (17. 1%) 4. Sainsburys, 8. 42% 5. Tesco Wine Warehouse, 8. 19% 6. Sainsburys to You, 5. 86% (15. 9%) 7. Waitrose. com, 3. 42% (3. 6%) 8. Ocado, 3. 2% (owned by Waitrose, 3. 6%) 9. Lidl, 2. 49% (1. 8%) 10. ALDI ââ¬â UK, 2. 10% (2. 3%) â⬠¢http://www. tesco. com/talkingtesco/oldDefault. asp Some companies are repeated since both their main site and the online shopping site are reported on separately. Asda. com now seems to be performing in a consistent manner online to its offline presence. However, Sainsburys online performance see ms to be significantly lower compared to its offline performance. Some providers such as Ocado which originally just operated within the London area have a strong local performance. Notably, some of Tesco. om competitors are absent from the Hitwise listing since their strategy has been to focus on retail formats. These are Morrisons (12. 5% retail share, Somerfield (5. 5%) and Co-op (5. 0%). Promotion of Tesco services As with other online retailers, Tesco. com relies on in-store advertising and marketing to the supermarkets Clubcard loyalty schemes customer base to persuade customers to shop online. NMA (2005) quotes Nigel Dodd, marketing director at Tesco. com as saying: ââ¬ËThese are invaluable sources as we have such a strong customer baseââ¬â¢. However, for non-food goods the supermarket does advertise online using keyword targeted ads. For existing customers, email marketing and direct mail marketing to provide special offers and promotions to customers is important. According to Humby (2003), e-retailer Tesco. com use what he describes as a ââ¬Ëcommitment-based segmentationââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëloyalty ladderââ¬â¢ which is based on recency of purchase, frequency of purchase and value which is used to identify 6 lifecycle categories which are then further divided to target communications: â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Logged-onâ⬠â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Cautionaryâ⬠â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Developingâ⬠â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Establishedâ⬠â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Dedicatedâ⬠â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Logged-offâ⬠(the aim here is to winback) Tesco then use automated event-triggered messaging can be created to ncourage continued purchase. For example, Tesco. com have a touch strategy which includes a sequence of follow-up communications triggered after different events in the customer lifecycle. In the example given below, communications after event 1 are intended to achieve the objective of converting a web site visitor to action; communications after event 2 are intended to move the customer from a first time purchaser to a regular purchaser and for event 3 to reactivate lapsed purchasers. â⬠¢Trigger event 1: Customer first registers on site (but does not buy). Auto-response (AR) 1: 2 days after registration e-mail sent offering phone assistance and ? 5 discount off first purchase to encourage trial. Trigger event 2: Customer first purchases online. â⬠¢AR1: Immediate order confirmation â⬠¢AR2: 5 days after purchase e-mail sent with link to online customer satisfaction survey asking about quality of service from driver and picker (e. g. item quality and substitutions). â⬠¢AR3: Two-weeks after first purchase Direct mail offering tips on how to use service and ? 5 discount on next purchases intended to encourage re-use of online services. AR4: Generic monthly e-newsletter with online exclusive offers encouraging cross-selling â⬠¢AR5: Bi-weekly alert with personalised offers for customer. â⬠¢AR6: After 2 months ? 5 discount for next shop â⬠¢AR7: Quarterly mailing of coupons encouraging repeat sales and cross-sales Trigger event 3: Customer does not purchase for an extended period â⬠¢AR1: Dormancy detected ââ¬â Reactivation e-mail with survey of how the customer is finding the service (to identify any problems) and a ? 5 incentive. â⬠¢AR2: A further discount incentive is used in order to encourage continued usage to shop after the first shop after a break. Tescoââ¬â¢s online product strategy NMA (2005) ran a profile of Laura Wade-Gery CEO of Tesco. com since January 2004 which provides an interesting insight into how the business has run. In her first year, total sales were increased 24% to ? 719 million. Laura, is 40 years old, a keen athlete and has followed a varied career developing from a MA in History at Magdalen College, Oxford, an MBA from Insead; Manager and partner in Kleinwort Benson; Manager and senior consultant, Gemini Consulting; Targeted marketing director (Tesco Clubcard), and Group strategy irector, Tesco Stores. The growth overseen by Wade-Gery has been achieved through a combination of initiatives. Product range development is one key area. In early 2005, Tesco. com fulfilled 150,000 grocery orders a week but now also offers more intangible offerings, such as e-diets and music downloads. She has also focused on improving the customer experience online ââ¬â the time it takes for a new customer to complete thei r first order has been decreased from over an hour to 35 minutes through usability work culminating in a major site revision. To support the business has it diversifies into new areas, Wade-Geryââ¬â¢s strategy was ââ¬Ëto make home delivery part of the DNA of Tescoââ¬â¢ according to NMA (2005). She continues: ââ¬ËWhat we offer is delivery to your home of a Tesco service ââ¬â its an obvious extension of the home-delivered groceries concept. ââ¬â¢ My May 2005, Tesco. com had 30,000 customers signed up for DVD rental, through partner Video Island (who run the rival Screenselect service). Over the next year, her target is to treble this total, while also extending home-delivery services to the likes of bulk wine and white goods. Wade-Gery looks to achieve synergy between the range of services offered. For example, its partnership with eDiets can be promoted through the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme, with mailings to 10m customers a year. In July 2004, Tesco. com Limited paid ? 2 million for the exclusive licence to eDiets. com in the UK and Ireland under the URLs www. eDietsUK. com and www. eDiets. ie. Through promoting these services through these URLs, Tesco can use the dieting business to grow use of the Tesco. com service and in-store sales. To help keep focus on home retail-delivery, Wade-Gery sold womenââ¬â¢s portal iVillage (www. ivillage. co. uk) back to its US owners for an undisclosed sum in March 2004. She explained to NMA: ââ¬ËIts a very different sort of product to the other services that were embarking on. In my mind, we stand for providing services and products that you buy, which is slightly different to the world of providing information. ââ¬â¢ The implication is that there was insufficient revenue from ad sales on iVillage and insufficient opportunities to promote Tesco. om sales. However, iVillage was a useful learning experience in that there are some parallels with iVillage, such as message boards and community advisors. Wade-Gery is also director of Tesco Mobile, the joint ââ¬ËPay-As-You-Goââ¬â¢ venture with O2 which is mainly serviced online, although promoted in-store and via direct mail. Tesco also offer broadband and dialup ISP services, but believe the market for Internet telephony ( provided through Skype and Vonage for example) is not sufficiently developed. Tesco. om have concentrated on more traditional services which have the demand, for example, Tesco Telecom fixed-line services attracted over a million customers in its first year. However, this is not to say, that Tesco. com will not invest in relatively new services. In November 2004, Tescos introduced a music download service and just six months later, she estimates they have around 10% market share ââ¬â one of the benefits of launching relatively early. Again, there is synergy, this time with hardware sales. NMA (2005) reported that as MP3 players were unwrapped, sales went up ââ¬â even on Christmas Day! She says: ââ¬ËThe exciting thing about digital is where can you take it in the future. As the technology grows, well be able to turn Tesco. com into a digital download store of all sorts, rather than just music. Clearly, film [through video on demand] would be next. ââ¬â¢ But it has to be based firmly on analysis of customer demand. She says : ââ¬ËThe number one thing for us is whether the product is something that customers are saying they want, has it reached a point where mass-market customers are interested? ââ¬â¢ There also has to be scope for simplification. NMA (2005) notes that Tesco is built on a core premise of convenience and value and Wade-Gery believes what its already done with mobile tariffs, broadband packages and music downloads are good examples of the retailers knack for streamlining propositions. She says: ââ¬ËWeve actually managed to get people joining broadband who have never even had a dial-up serviceââ¬â¢ Tesco case study sources: Humby (2003), NMA (2005), Hitwise (2005), Wikipedia (2005) Humby, C. and Hunt, T. (2003) Scoring points. How Tesco is Winning Customer Loyalty. Kogan Page, London, UK. Hitwise (2005) Press release: The top UK Grocery and Alcohol websites week ending October 1st, ranked by market share of web site visits, from Hitwise. co. uk. Press release available at www. hitwise. co. uk. Discussion Questions 1. Describe the major E-Commerce characteristics used by Tesco. 2. What are the advantages for Tesco becoming an E-Commerce organisation? 3. In what ways has Tesco managed to gain competitive advantage over itââ¬â¢s other stores? 4. How has E-Commerce facilitated customisation of products and services? . What competitive strategy has Tesco used and how successful is it? 6. After reading the case study list the success factors for Tesco. What might the threats be? Carry out a SWOT Analysis. 7. Why might customers like Web Based Purchasing? Is it becoming more of an option due to lower prices? 8. What promotion policies does Tesco implement? Are they successful? 9. What product strategy has Tesco implemented? 10. Is Tescoââ¬â¢s p roduct strategy successful give reasons for your answers? Please be ready to discuss the answers with your tutor. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-45989715810518518742020-03-11T07:04:00.001-07:002020-03-11T07:04:02.986-07:00Freedom and Huckleberry Finn essaysFreedom and Huckleberry Finn essays What is America all about? The land of the free and home of the brave. Although this infamous quote is true today, hundreds of years ago this quote was a lie. Not only were some white men not free to do certain things, but all blacks were discriminated against greatly and most if not all were slaves. Not only is slavery an important issue in Mark Twain's novel, Huckleberry Finn, but also the entire issue of freedom is an important factor. Two characters who show a substantial amount of lost freedom in Huckleberry Finn are Huck and Tom. Huckleberry Finn demonstrates his loss of freedom in two ways. Firstly, Huck is forced to live with his Aunt who makes him practice religion and get an education. Huck does not want to do this. Huck feels he has lost his freedom when his Aunt forces him to do things he doesn't want to. Secondly, Huck's alcoholic father who rarely visits, stops into town and forces Huck to give him his own money. Not only does he steal Huck's money, but he then decides to take Huck into his own custody and keeps Huck locked up in a spot in the woods. Huck is forbidden to leave. Huck has his freedom taken away much like a prisoner or a slave. Tom, a black slave in Mark Twain's novel, exhibits a strong attitude although his freedom has been taken away from him. Although Tom escapes during the novel, he still shows an attitude that his freedom is lost. Tom, an innocent man of any crime has had his freedom taken away for no other reason than the fact that he is black. Although Tom is just one example of the many of blacks that were sold into slavery during this time period, he is a great example of the loss of freedom most if not all black lost. Finally, freedom is an important factor in America's history. Huckleberry Finn gives a great example of the loss of freedom that people share. Freedom exists in many different forms whether it is the freedom to watch a ce ... Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-91907154583961454972020-02-23T21:28:00.001-08:002020-02-23T21:28:03.544-08:00Recent Trends Of Staycation In Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1Recent Trends Of Staycation In Europe - Essay Example The understanding of vacation is to rest or have a break from our daily routines. It is usually that we opt for going to someplace which is relaxing, which makes us stress-free, which regenerates energy in us so that we can resume working enthusiastically with no obstacles after we are back. It actually means to rest, keeping aside all tensions. This is what we think when going for a vacation but in a staycation, we opt for staying back home and spend time at home. It means that we are trying to find out some ways to spend the vacation at home as we could do if we were to go out somewhere. Here it means people find out ways of relieving stress being at home and make different arrangements for spending their holidays (About.com). People here have rather found out many new, different, innovative ideas about spending their holidays and having good leisure time. Some put off their mobile phones, some keep their computers shut, some opt for gaming, some party around, and many more things. People arrange friendly meetings, plan for dinner every weekend and some relax by reading books or listening to music at home. People also do creative works like painting, crafting etc. People in the UK are more influenced with a staycation. Many cities here started realizing that there can be a number of things done to spend the holidays whilst staying back home. People came up with many ideas and literally enjoyed them. It was not only people but also different clubs and restaurants that came up with many ideas to relax and amuse people. So there was a study done which showed amazing results that people were responding well to these ideas (Carey 2008). One thing that is a plus point here, that staying back at home for holidays reduces oneââ¬â¢s workload of planning which we would have done if we're to go out for holidays. This not only reduces tension but is also a good money-saving policy. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-78066859012917435952020-02-07T14:15:00.001-08:002020-02-07T14:15:03.611-08:00Discribe the parliamentary sovereignty from constitutional prespective EssayDiscribe the parliamentary sovereignty from constitutional prespective - Essay Example According to the conventions of the British constitutional law in the past century, it is indicative that the dicey theory was the most influential one among all that were advanced in the century. The theory advanced by lord dicey postulates that the parliament has the right under the English constitution to make or repeal any law irrespective of circumstances. The theory goes further to state that there is no one under the constitution that has the right to override or amend the legislation made by the parliament. Therefore, the theory posits that the sovereignty of the parliamentary made legislation is absolute as long as it is working within the scope of the constitution. Notwithstanding the above ideal postulated by the theory, there are some sophisticated arguments that can be levelled against the doctrine that lord dicey fronts. The argument, notably, challenge the validity of the theory in the light of devolution, European convention on human rights and European union laws. This means that the point of absolute power of the parliament is not valid since there are limitations imposed upon it on the issues stated. Therefore, due to lack of the common point of reference on the absolute power of the parliament made legislations, various authorities in constitutional law have suggested an evaluation of the sovereignty of the constitution from a purely conventional approach. This approach seeks to remove the notion postulated by dicey theory on the supremacy of the parliament made law. As indicated earlier the power of the parliament in making the laws is absolute and it can only be repealed by another parliament. However, some of the scholars in law insist in the absolute power of the parliament in making the laws. This means that the parliament still harbor the right to make the unquestioned law as it is a convention under the British constitution. Others argue that in as much as the sovereignty of the constitution forms a Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-16800900281323171662020-01-29T09:28:00.001-08:002020-01-29T09:28:03.706-08:00Peer Assessment Essay Example for Free Peer Assessment Essay This paper discusses the implementation of peer assessment strategy that I carried out in a primary school in Dar es Salaam during my practicum. It consists of a background, rationale, the implementation process and conclusion. The challenges encountered and their possible solutions on how to overcome them.. Background Black and William (1998) define assessment as all those activities undertaken by teachers, and students in assessing themselves, which provide information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged. There are two major types of assessment, formative assessment and summative assessment. And thus, Peer assessment is one of the forms of formative assessment. Besides, Higher Education Academy- UK, (2006) is an alternative form of assessment in which learners are given the opportunity to measure and evaluate each otherââ¬â¢s compliments of the specified learning outcomes. It is used to involve students more closely in their learning and its evaluation and enable them to really understand what is required of them. (Phil et al 2006) This is a form of formative assessment which teachers can use in class assignments, tests, presentations, project based work and practical tasks. These tasks can be performed by learners either in pairs, by multiple assessorsââ¬â¢ or in groups. It is where learners consider and specify the level, value or quality of a product or performance of other equal status learners (Topping, 2008). This therefore means that learners are able to learn better because they assess their peers work and give appropriate feedback which helps them to improve their own work. It also leads to a number of benefits in terms of the learning process for instance encouraging thinking, increasing learning and increasing studentsââ¬â¢ confidence Gardner (2006), students find it easier to make sense of criteria for their work if they examine other studentââ¬â¢s work alongside their own. It is uniquely valuable because the interchange is in language that students themselves would naturally use, because they learn by taking roles of teachers and examiners of others (Saddler, 1998) Rationale Eckstein and Noah (1992) argue that teachers teach to the test therefore leaving out some non-examinable but important skills set out in the curriculum. This is evident because most schools in the developing world concentrate on exams which is summative assessment and because of the backwash of this type of assessment, it impedes rather than promote social justice by locking many young people out of the education system, (Cunningham 1998). This summative assessment limits potential in enhancing teaching and learning which makes learners not to get prompt feedback to help them improve on their performance (Brooks, 2002). PA saves the teachersââ¬â¢ time because it takes a shorter time to mark and grade assignments using it than when a teacher marks all the books. This gives the teacher ample time to prepare for other lessons. By using PA, the teacher is able to give feedback to the pupils in a littler time than when the teacher uses traditional method of marking. PA was introduced with an intention to encourage students to take responsibility for their learning. It makes them feel valued because their suggestions are put into account. According to Irons (2008) PA encourages dialogue between the teacher and learners themselves as they negotiate the best assessment criteria when making a rubric to evaluate their work. This makes students really understand what is required of them. Phil Race et al, asserts that students learn deeply when they have a sense of ownership of the agenda and if PA is done using the students design, there tends to be a sense of ownership of the criteria used than when they apply the tutorsââ¬â¢ criteria. Furthermore, PA allows students to learn from each otherââ¬â¢s successes. In some instances students notice that the work they are assessing is better than their own efforts, therefore they can benefit from the work of the most able in the group. Similarly, it helps students to learn from each otherââ¬â¢s weaknesses too. When they discover mistakes in their peers work, it is usually good for them as the awareness of ââ¬Ëwhat not to doââ¬â¢ increases and therefore refrain from making the same mistake. (Phil et al 2006) Development My practicum was in a primary school in Dar es Salaam city. I was allocated standard seven to teach English. Standard 7A is rather a large class with a roll of fifty three pupils. Boys were twenty eight while girls were twenty five. All were present. This was a double English lesson of forty minutes each. The Topic was Comprehension, Sub-topic; The library; Lenders and Borrowers. My main objectives were; by the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to read, understand, formulate questions, discuss and be able to evaluate their peers work using a rubric. I made a detailed lesson plan showing the teachers and learners activities. My teaching and learning resources were standard seven text books, dictionaries, flash cards with new words written on them, pictures of a library. The lesson started at 8.00am to 9.20am. Implementation I introduced the lesson with a vocabulary song as a brainstorming activity that was led by one of the pupils. I explained what I expected of them throughout the lesson, then used the self-selecting method to form groups of six and told them to choose a leader. We went through the guidelines that they would follow in their discussion groups. The passage had six paragraphs so I gave each group a paragraph. The learners read the passage as they listened to one another, noted down difficult or new words, and then generated three questions from their assigned paragraph. I assisted to organise the groups and how they would present. One member quickly read their paragraph as the rest of the class listened, other members gave new words that they came across and the three questions they had formulated. As they presented their findings I was writing on the blackboard the new words they had encountered, and the questions they had constructed. Together we discussed meanings of these words as pupils tried using them in sentences and checking them out in the dictionary. I noted that discussions were being led in Kiswahili though it was an English lesson. Cummins in McKay (2008) and Ellis stated that the first language (L1) is important because sometimes learners first think in it to make meaning in English. However, the discussion was very lively and everybody tried to participate. It also concurred with Goetz (2002) that different views from learners influence the direction of a lesson creating new learning experiences for both the teacher and the learner. As a class, we discussed the questions on the blackboard then I asked them to write the work in their exercise books, collect and put them on the teachers table. Together we discussed and made a marking criterion on the blackboard. I asked the class prefect to distribute the books to the learners making sure that one did not mark his or her own book. They carefully used the rubric to mark their peers work, then returned them to the owners to check and in case of any complains i moderated and explained to their satisfaction. Finally I gave each a foolscap and asked them to write down what they felt about the new method of assessment. This exercise was mainly to analyze the learnersââ¬â¢ reflections and to evaluate myself as a teacher. Challenges My first challenge was the English teacher assigned to me was not co-operative. He was not willing to hand over a candidate class to me. I made him understand that my input would be beneficial to his professional development and the studentsââ¬â¢ grades. During group work, some learners took it for story telling time. I had a rough time controlling the noise and putting them back to focus. The chosen group leaders helped me have order in the groups and ensured participation of all members. Code switching was common as I related with the learners and as they interacted in their discussion groups. It was a challenge because they did not have the confidence to express themselves. Very few picked courage and participated in English. The rest when picked upon would request to speak in Kiswahili. I encouraged them to have confidence and to continue speaking in English because practice makes perfect. The learning environment was not very conducive. The floor was dusty and had pot holes. This was likely to cause health problems and injury. Due to the large class, desks were not enough. Learners shared four or five per desk which was quite uncomfortable. I advised the administration to discuss the matter with stakeholders so that the class would be repaired and desks added. This class did not have any teaching learning materials on the walls. They only had text books which were inadequate in a ratio of 1:5. Sharing was a problem because not all could access them. I advised the teacher that teaching and learning aids helped students to construct knowledge for themselves and develop effective learning strategies, thus laying a solid foundation for life-long learning. I also urged him to improvise teaching aids by using locally available materials for example, carton boxes to write on vocabularies and sentence structures and hang on the walls. I realized that peer assessment can be time consuming if practiced in a large class. Grouping learners, discussions, presentations and awarding marks consumed a lot of time which affected the next lesson. Since the school had extra classrooms, I encouraged him to create an extra stream and transfer some learners from 7A and 7B to the new stream if learners were to benefit from this kind of assessment. This is because a class of fifty three was too large putting into consideration the slow learners and learners with special needs who needed special attention. Conclusion Peer assessment had good impact on the teaching learning process where the learners and I jointly got involved in the assessment process hence owning the entire peer assessment procedures integrated in the lesson. This resulted into meaningful learning where feedback was instant. However, there were some challenges which we jointly addressed with the learners. For PA to be successful, meaningful procedures have to be put in place. References Black, P. William. (1998).Assessment and classroom learning: Assessment in education,principles, policy and practice in Irons, A. (2008). Enhancing learning through formative assessment and feedback. London: Routledge. Cunning,G.K. (1998).Assessment in the classroom: constructing and interpreting tests. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Irons, A. (2008).Enhancing learning through formative assessment and feedback. London: Routledge. Race, P., Brown, S. Smith. (2006). 500 Tips on assessment (2nd edition). London: Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-50290999557316675802020-01-21T05:52:00.001-08:002020-01-21T05:52:02.619-08:00Men with Guns :: Films Movies Economics Feudalism EssaysMen with Guns Men With Guns is not so much a film about economic processes as it is a film about the effects of a certain economic system - feudalism. It is more a film about cultural and political processes than anything else, a film that deals in depth with the grave consequences of a country in Central or South America whose Indians are subjects to the knights - the ââ¬Å"men with gunsâ⬠- who control and terrorize their existence. Cultural processes can be defined as the creation, or transfer, of knowledge. It is the way in which the rules of an economic system are communicated. In Men with Guns, the rules of the feudal economic system are translated through the men themselves. The ââ¬Å"sugar peopleâ⬠or the ââ¬Å"corn peopleâ⬠know their place in society because the army or the guerrillas tell them what it is through force. Every Indian that the doctor meets tells him that they are subject to the men with guns, and that they are in control. As long as one has access to a gun, then that individual becomes a knight, no longer a feudal serf, and it does not matter if that person has began life as a white person or an Indian. Because the ââ¬Å"men with gunsâ⬠happen to be the army, the army acts as feudal knights, forcing the serfs to live in extreme poverty and fear of death, torturing who they like with no consequences, and moving entire villages. They are able to do this because of the political system in the rural part of the country. Political processes can be defined as the rules, or laws if they are established by a legitimate government, that are enforced within a political system. In the feudal system in ââ¬Å"Men with Guns,â⬠the rules are made by the army. In the feudal system, the rules are made legitimate purely through the ownership of firearms. It appears as though the people are helpless politically because the political system is the army. There is a feeling in the movie that two different political systems exist within the country, and that most definitely two different economic systems are present. The country can be split into two different cultures - the city and the rural areas. The city operates much like that of any other Western city, and the doctor appears to live with relative freedom and economic prosperity. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-60983940421232836302020-01-13T02:15:00.001-08:002020-01-13T02:15:06.686-08:00Concept of PhytoremediationIn recent years it has become clear that some environmental chemicals can cause risks to the developing embryo and fetus. Evaluating the developmental toxicity of environmental chemicals is now a prominent public health concern. The suspected association between TCE and congenital cardiac malformations warrants special attention because TCE is a common drinking water contaminant that is detected in water supplies throughout the U.S. and the world. There is a lot of concern about the clean up of toxic pollutants from the environment. Traditional methods for cleaning up contaminated sites such as dig and haul, pump and treat, soil venting, air sparging and others are generally harmful to habitats. Some methods strip the soil of vital nutrients and microorganisms, so nothing can grow on the site, even if it has been decontaminated. Typically these mechanical methods are also very expensive. Most of the remediation technologies that are currently in use are very expensive, relatively inefficient and generate a lot of waste, to be disposed of. Phytoremediation is a novel, efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost technology, which uses plants and trees to clean up soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and/or organic contaminants such as solvents, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic compounds from contaminated environments. This technology is useful for soil and water remediation. Phytoremediation uses one basic concept: the plant takes the pollutant through the roots. The pollutant can be stored in the plant (phytoextraction), volatized by the plant (phytovolatization), metabolized by the plant (phytodegradation), or any combination of the above. Phytoextraction is the uptake and storage of pollutants in the plants stem or leaves. Some plants, called hyperaccumulators, draw pollutants through the roots. After the pollutants accumulate in the stem and leaves the plants are harvested. Then plants can be either burned or sold. Even if the plants cannot be used, incineration and disposal of the plants is still cheaper than traditional remediation methods. As a comparison, it is estimated a site containing 5000 tons of contaminated soil will produce only 20-30 tons of ash (Black, 1995). This method is particularly useful when remediating metals. Some metals are also being recycled from the ash. Phytovolatization is the uptake and vaporization of pollutants by a plant. This mechanism takes a solid or liquid contaminant and transforms it to an airborne vapor. The vapor can either be the pure pollutant, or the plant can metabolize the pollutant before it is vaporized, as in the case of mercury, lead and selenium (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997; Black, 1995; Wantanbe, 1997). Phytodegradation is plants metabolizing pollutants. After the contaminant has been drawn into the plant, it assimilates into plant tissue, where the plant then degrades the pollutant. This metabolization by plant-derived enzymes such as nitrosedictase, laccase, dehalogenase, and nitrilase assimilates into plant tissue, where the plant then degrades the pollutant. This metabolization by plant-derived enzymes such as nitroredictase, laccase, dehalogenase, and nitrilase, has yet to be fully documented, but has been demonstrated in field studies (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997). The daughter compounds can be either volatized or stored in the plant. If the daughter compounds are relatively benign, the plants can still be used in traditional applications. The most effective current phytoremediation sites in practice combine these three mechanisms to clean up a site. For example, poplar trees can accumulate, degrade and volatize the pollutants in the remediation of organics. Phytoremediation is more than just planting and letting the foliage grow; the site must be engineered to prevent erosion and flooding and maximize pollutant uptake. There are 3 main planting techniques for phytoremediation. 1.Growing plants on the land, like crops. This technique is most useful when the contaminant is within the plant root zone, typically 3 ââ¬â 6 feet (Ecological Engineering, 1997), or the tree root zone, typically 10-15 feet. 2.Growing plants in water (aquaculture). Water from deeper aquifers can be pumped out of the ground and circulated through a ââ¬Å"reactorâ⬠of plants and then used in an application where it is returned to the earth (e.g. irrigation) 3.Growing trees on the land and constructing wells through which tree roots can grow. This method can remediate deeper aquifers in-situ. The wells provide an artery for tree roots to grow toward the water and form a root system in the capillary fringe. The majority of current research in the phytoremediation field revolves around determining which plant works most efficiently in a given application. Not all plant species will metabolize, volatize, and/or accumulate pollutants in the same manner. The goal is to ascertain which plants are most effective at remediating a given pollutant. Research has yielded some general guidelines for groundwater phytoremediation plants. The plant must grow quickly and consume large quantities of water in a short time. A good plant would also be able to remediate more than one pollutant because pollution rarely occurs as a single compound. Poplars and cottonwoods are being studied extensively because they can used as much as 25 to 350 gallons of water per day, and they can remediate a wide variety of organic compounds, including LNAPLââ¬â¢s. Phytoremediation has been shown to work on metals and moderately hydrophobic compounds such as BTEX compounds, chlorinated solvents, ammunition wastes, and nitrogen compounds. Yellow poplars are generally favored by Environmental Scientists for use in phytoremediation at this time. They can grow up to 15 feet per year and absorb 25 gallons of water a day. They have an extensive root system, and are resistant to everything from gypsy moths to toxic wastes. Partial listing of current remediation possibilities. Plant Chemicals Clean-up numbers Pondweed TNT & RDX 0.016-0.019 mg of TNT L per day Poplar Trees Atrazine 91% of the Atrazine taken up in 10 days Poplars Nitrates from fertilizers From 150 mg/L to 3 mg L in under 3yrs. Mustard Greens Lead 45% of the excess was removed Pennycress Zinc & Cadmium 108 lb./acre per year & 1.7 lb./acre per yr. Halophytes Salts reduced the salt levels in the soils by65% Advantages and Disadvantages to Phytoremediation: Advantages: ( www.rtdf.org/genlatst.htm) 1.Aesthetically pleasing and publicly accepted. 3.Works with metals and slightly hydrophobic compounds, including many organics. 4.Can stimulate bioremediation in the soil closely associated with the plant root. Plants can stimulate microorganisms through the release of nutrients and the transport of oxygen to their roots. 5.Relatively inexpensive ââ¬â phytoremediation can cost as little as $10 ââ¬â $100 per cubic yard whereas metal washing can cost $30 ââ¬â $300 per cubic yard. 6.Even if the plants are contaminated and unusable, the resulting ash is approximately 20-30 tons per 5000 tons soil (Black, 1997). 7.Having ground cover on property reduces exposure risk to the community (i.e. lead). 8.Planting vegetation on a site also reduces erosion by wind and water. 9.Can leave usable topsoil intact with minimal environmental disturbance. 10.Generates recyclable metal rich plant residue. 11.Eliminates secondary air or water-borne wastes. 1.Can take many growing seasons to clean up a site. 2.Plants have short roots. They can clean up soil or groundwater near the surface in-situ, typically 3 ââ¬â 6 feet (Ecological Engineering, 1997), but cannot remediate deep aquifers without further design work. 3.Trees have longer roots and can clean up slightly deeper contamination than plants, typically 10-15 feet, but cannot remediate deep aquifers without further design work . 4.Trees roots grow in the capillary fringe, but do not extend deep in to the aquifer. This makes remediating DNAPLââ¬â¢s in situ with plants and trees not recommended. 5.Plants that absorb toxic materials may contaminant the food chain. 6.Volatization of compounds may transform a groundwater pollution problem to an air pollution problem. 7.Returning the water to the earth after aquaculture must be permitted. 8.Less efficient for hydrophobic contaminants, which bind tightly to soil. 1) At the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, phytoremediation is being used to clean up trichloroethylene (TCE) from a shallow, thin aerobic aquifer. Cottonwoods are being used, and after 1 year, the trees are beginning to show signs of taking the TCE out of the aquifer. (Betts, 1997) 2) At the Iowa Army Ammunitions Plant, phytoremediation is being used as a polishing treatment for explosive-contaminated soil and groundwater. The demonstration, which ended in March, 1997, used native aquatic plant and hybrid poplars to remediate the site where an estimated 1-5% of the original pollutants still remain. A full-scale project is estimated to reduce the contamination by an order of magnitude (Betts, 1997). 3) After investigating using phytoremediation on a site contaminated with hydrocarbons, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management granted a site. The site involved about 1500 cubic yards of soil, and began with approximately 70% of the baseline samples containing over 100 PPM of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). After 1 year of vegetative cover, approximately 83% of the samples contained less than 10-PPM TPH. 4) Phytoremediation was used at the decommissioned Detroit Forge plant to clean up approximately 5,800 cubic yards of lead-impacted soil. Two plantings were completed, the first using sunflowers and the second mustard plants. Following treatment, analysis indicated soil lead concentrations were below the target clean-up criteria. The project resulted in an estimated saving of $1,100,000 over hazardous waste disposal. 5) Water, soil, and trees transpired gases were monitored to track the fate of TCE. About 2-4% of the TCE remained in the effluent as compared to 68% in a non-vegetated control group. The field trial demonstrated that over 95% of TCE were removed by planting trees and letting them grow. Additional studies showed that the trees did not release TCE into the air, as no measurable TCE was present in the air immediately surrounding the leaves (captured in small leaf bags and analyzed) or in the general atmosphere (using a laser technology that can see TCE in the air in the tree canopy). Phytoremediation is an aesthetically pleasing, solar-energy driven, and passive technique that can be used at sites with low to moderate levels of contamination. Phytoremediation is more than just planting and letting the foliage grow; the site must be engineered to prevent erosion and flooding and maximize pollutant uptake. Currently, the majority of research is concentrated on determining the best plant for the job, quantifying the mechanisms by which the plants convert pollutants, and determining which contaminants are amenable to phytoremediation. Polluted sites are being studied, and phytoremediation looks promising for a variety of contaminants. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-57323814098976432762020-01-04T22:37:00.001-08:002020-01-04T22:37:04.051-08:00Racism As Poor Treatment Of Or Violence - 4883 Words Racism Webster defines racism as poor treatment of or violence against people because of their race and the belief that some races of people are better than others, this leads to the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capabilities and that racial differences produce a superiority in a particular race. (Webster) With modern thinking and understanding we now know that this is truly not the case. Even in today s society we still have a racial bias towards groups of people. In a classic study a group of people were shown a photograph with a white man fighting another white man who had a knife. After shown the photograph people were able to identify the correct person wielding the knife. When shown anotherâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The rationale for the enslavement of other races was based on the bible surprisingly, the slave traders would interpret the book of Genesis, by saying Ham had committed a sin against his father Noah, and he had condemned his bla ck descendants to become servants unto servants. When Virginia decided in 1667 that slaves could be kept in bondage, not because they were actual heathens but because they had heathen ancestry, the justification for black servitude was changed from religious status to something approaching race. Beginning in the late seventeenth century, laws were passed in North America forbidding marriage between whites and blacks and discriminating against the mixed offspring of informal marriages. Without clearly saying so, such laws implied that blacks were inferior. Eighteenth century ethnologists subdivided people into three to five races, usually considered as varieties of a single human species. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, however, an increasing number of writers, especially those defending slavery, believed that the races constituted separate species. (Frederickson 2003) The Nineteenth century was an age of emancipation, nationalism, and imperialism, all of which contributed to the growth of racism in Europe and the United States. Although the freeing of blacks from Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-22716173300781902812019-12-27T19:03:00.001-08:002019-12-27T19:03:03.362-08:00Dew Point Temperature An Overview The air at any given temperature is capable of holding a certain amount of water vapor. When that maximum amount of water vapor is reached, that is referred to as saturation. This is also known as 100% relative humidity. When this is achieved, the temperature of the air has reached the dew point temperature. It is also called the condensation temperature. The dew point temperature can never be higher than the air temperature. Said another way, the dew point temperature is the temperature at which the air must become cooled in order to become completely saturated with water vapor. If the air is cooled to the dew point temperature, it will become saturated, and condensation will begin to form. This could be in the form of clouds, dew, fog, mist, frost, rain, or snow. Condensation: Dew and Fog The dew point temperature is what causes dew to form on the grass in the morning. The morning, just before sunrise, is the lowest air temperature of the day, so it is the time when the dew point temperature is most likely to be reached. The moisture evaporating into the air from the soil saturates the air around the grass. When the temperature of the grass surface hits the dew point, moisture comes out of the air and condenses on the grass. High in the sky where the air cools to the dew point, evaporated moisture becomes clouds. At ground level, its fog when a layer of mist forms at a point just off the ground surface, and its the same process. Evaporated water in the air reaches the dew point at that low elevation, and condensation occurs. Humidity Heat Index Humidity is a measurement of how saturated the air is with water vapor. It is a ratio between what the air has in it and how much it can hold, expressed as a percentage. You can use dew point temperatures to help determine how humid the air is. A dew point temperature close to the actual temperature means that the air is quite full of water vapor and thus very humid. If the dew point is significantly lower than the air temperature, the air is dry and can still hold much additional water vapor. Generally, a dew point at or lower than 55 F is comfortable but more than 65 F feels oppressive. When you have a high temperature and a high humidity level or dew point, you have a higher heat index as well. For example, it may only be 90 F, but it actually feels like 96 because of the high humidity. The Dew Point vs. the Frost Point The warmer the air, the more water vapor it can hold. The dew point on a warm and humid day can be fairly high, in the 70s F or in the 20s C. On a dry and cool day, the dew point can be quite low, approaching freezing. If the dew point is below freezing (32 F or 0 C), we instead use the term frost point. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-71313836708625955182019-12-19T14:52:00.001-08:002019-12-19T14:52:03.427-08:00Operations Management - Hazel and Hazel Revisited Case overview This case is about Hazel, an employee that has worked for a Fortune 500 company for nearly 15 years. She suddenly finds herself unemployed and in need of a job. After many months of searching for employment unsuccessfully, she began to mow the lawns of her neighbors for income while she continued to look for employment. When she failed to gain employment, she decided to go into business for herself maintaining neighborhood lawns. In the beginning, the business was slow, but once the word got out about her lawn service business, she began to obtain many clients. Hazel believed that she could earn a living from her new business and eventually hired 2 part-time employees. Case relevance to operationsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Without quality work being done customers will not retain her services and her business will go under. e. What kinds of maintenance must be performed? Some types of maintenance that will be performed are equipment maintenance and possibly vehicle maintenance. 3. What are some of the trade-offs that Hazel probably considered relative to: a. Working for a company instead of for herself? Some of the trade-offs that Hazel probably considered relative to working for a company is having her own schedule, not having to answer to anyone but her customers. Other trade-offs are covering her own insurance policy, handling company taxes and payroll duties. Another trade off that Hazel may have considered is incorporating her business and creating franchising opportunities. b. Expanding the business? Some of the trade-offs of expanding the business is having the business grow too quickly where she canââ¬â¢t handle the demand. The company will grow and she will have to expand her employees and possibly cut into potential profits with the employee increase. If she doesnââ¬â¢t expand the business she may open the door for competitors to come in and take over her market. c. Launching a Web site? For launching a website Hazel will have to consider is a website necessary for the size of territory she is currently covering. Another consideration for Hazel would to possibly update the website and think of its cost to maintain. 4. The town isShow MoreRelatedTesco and Globalization3575 Words à |à 14 Pagesregional development effort anchored in immediate feedback and measurable results (Goodman, Zammuto, Gifford, 2001). Tesco is unique in that they strive to have regional and local requirements permeate and drive the priorities of supply chain strategy (Hazel, 2010) instead of taking the WalMart strategy of relying purely on economies of scale for global expansion (Christopherson, 2007). Tesco has in fact learned from the mistakes of WalMart at globalization. This is exemplified in how effectively the companyRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words à |à 269 Pages This page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraskaââ¬âLincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright à © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions à © 2009Read More The War in Iraq Being an Oil Currency War Essay4124 Words à |à 17 Pagescould potentially reduce future oil currency and oil warfare. The essay ends with a reflection and critique of current US economic and foreign policies. What happens in the 2004 US elections will have a large impact on the 21st century. Revisited -- The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War With Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and never will be . . . The People cannot be safe withoutRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-78721903043497750172019-12-11T11:34:00.001-08:002019-12-11T11:34:04.217-08:00Discuss One environmental problem facing cities and outline some solutions free essay sample Discuss One environmental problem facing cities and outline some solutions The issue of a severe problem called solid waste in Manila and Beijing is becoming a matter of concern. Causes of numerous waste aroused widespread attention. Therefore, the solution to reduce greenhouse gas emission from solid waste management can be regional and international (Ooi, 2009, p.189). It seems that waste has become an important part of the environmental problem in cities. Waste can be divided into two distinct parts, hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste, and the non-hazardous waste is consisted of municipal solid waste, industrial waste and some other types (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Because of the large amount of waste, government needs to spend more human and financial resources. Therefore, some additional environmental problems in cities are related to waste, such as air pollution, water pollution and the greenhouse effect. This article will introduce the causes of municipal solid waste, industrial waste and hazardous waste, and some effective prevention methods to solve these problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss One environmental problem facing cities and outline some solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The spawning of municipal solid waste, which including residents living garbage, hospital waste and commercial waste, building waste, leads to the most serious problem. Most of human behaviour could cause the growth of solid waste. Materials which are thrown away by citizens, such as the product bottles, food scraps, newspapers and batteries are the direct causes of solid waste. Consequently, effective methods need to be implemented. The most direct method is to decrease the amount of waste. To perform the principle of waste prevention, the society should focus on the recycling and collecting, which means to withdraw useful and organic materials, then turn these items into new products. This method could reduce the needs of raw materials. In addition, waste can be used as a resource and it will be economical use (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Manufacturing and industrial procedure are the most direct cause of industrial waste. Stone tools and sickles are difficult to be seen in current-day, because in factories, up-to-the minute production lines that produce numbers of waste per day are used as a substitute for wood and stone. To show an example, by 1990 the amount of industrial waste has raisedà up to 265 million tons, which is a shocking figure to the public (Waste Industries, 2013). Hence, the city government should provide a convenient environment for factory managers and convince them that they should undertake the environmental responsibility. Meanwhile, managers should comply with the principle of recycling industrial waste. Therefore, waste management issues in cities should be people-oriented (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Hugo (2012) stated â⬠Some industrial waste management services companies even emphasize on understanding clientsââ¬â¢ industrial processes that produce waste and then supplying the tools for deterring accurate chemical and physical properties.â⬠In addition, hazardous waste is damaged in both human health and the city environment. Solvents, electroplating wastes, heavy metals, and acids, which all produced by laboratory and chemical plant in cities cause substantial accumulation of hazardous waste. In agriculture, citizensââ¬â¢ non-standard behavior of using pesticides can lead to the generation of hazardous waste. Moreover, non-standard behavior in city life can also cause the creation of hazardous waste, such as batteries and some items containing heavy metal thrown away by citizens (Harris et al, n.d.). Thus, cities should take some actions to reduce producing hazardous waste. In industries, numbers of methods need to be done. For instance, melt materials like batteries can be recycled. To recover resource and lean production, Harris (n.d.) claimed ââ¬Å"Zinc can be gathered from smelting furnaces. Used oil, hydraulic fluids, refrigerator compressors and more can be taken from cars and fridges.â⬠Citizens should pay attention to establishing especial collection facilities in cities. Considering the problem of land, the city government needs to find a suitable place in the city where could offer special disposal of toxic waste (Harris et al, n.d.). In recent years, the number of waste becomes a growing tendency, which is a common phenomenon, has aroused wide concern in cities. The causes of waste are the spawning of Municipal Solid Waste, industrial activities and citizensââ¬â¢ and industriesââ¬â¢ non-standard behavior. What is more, to decrease the amount of waste, citizens should standardize their behavior and use waste as a resource, and managers should release their environmental responsibility so that factories could reduce the discharge of industrial waste. Government needs to establish especial collection facilities in cities and find a suitable place for toxic waste. In conclusion, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of recycling and reducing. Citizens of the future may be more environmentally conscious than people in the current society. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-57936937661478771942019-12-03T23:16:00.001-08:002019-12-03T23:16:05.118-08:00Starbucks Coffee Company Research Paper ExampleStarbucks Coffee Company Paper Starbucks had a humble beginning with one small store front in 1971 at the famous Pikeââ¬â¢s Place in Seattle, Washington. The inspiration for Starbucks came from Peetââ¬â¢s Coffee and Tea who started importing fine Arabica beans from around the world (Arthur, 1999). At that time Starbucks had a simple mission of providing the worldââ¬â¢s finest fresh roasted coffee to its customers, and it worked. A decade later in 1981, Howard Schultz, now Chairman, President and CEO, had entered Starbucks and was instantly captivated. For over a year, Howard pursued employment at Starbucks, wanting the job far more than Starbucks wanted him. Eventually, he convinced the three partners to take him on as head of marketing. He soon hung up his high profile New York City position and moved to Seattle. He quickly gained acceptance, knowledge and experience in all aspect of the coffee business. Howardââ¬â¢s trip to Italy a year later would change that one small store into the global corporation it has become today. He was be taken by the warmth and connectivity local Italians shared at their coffee bars, and wanted to combine the great coffee with the closeness of the community. After having a cafe latte, he concluded it was the perfect drink and no one in America knows about it. Upon returning, he had growing frustration as the owners did not want to leave the retail business for the beverage business. A year later, once the sixth store was open did Howard get his espresso bar? It was a huge success, but he could not convince the owners to expand the beverage business to the other stores. He left Starbucks to create his own coffee shop il Giornale with the financial help of Jerry Baldwin. He used Starbuckââ¬â¢s coffee to brew espresso and coffee beverages. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Coffee Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Coffee Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Coffee Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Soon II Giornaleââ¬â¢s three stores had annual sales of $1. 5 Million. In 1987, Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker decided it was time to sell Starbucks and Howard knew this was his opportunity. He was able to obtain the $3. 8 Million in capital to purchase Starbucks. This acquisition started the chain of quick expansion for Starbucks. By the late 1980ââ¬â¢s, Starbucks had a few years of unprofitability as the stock market had crashed in October of 87. Howard relentlessly pushed forward, battling with his board to better the company and continue expansion. By 1991, the financial performance had improved and Starbucks went on to introduce their ââ¬Å"bean stock. â⬠This was an employee stock option plan that all employees working more than 20 hours per week were granted 12 percent of their base pay with stock options (Arthur, 1999). These generous fringe and higher than average pay allowed for Starbucks to retain highly motivated and talented baristas. In 1992 Starbucks went public with one of the most successful IPOs of the year. This allowed for Starbucks to pursue their three year geographic expansion plan. They achieved their plan by opening a large store in a major city that acted as a hub. A team of professionals were located in the ââ¬Å"hubâ⬠and were task with the opening, support, and development of 20 or more stores around the hub store (Arthur, 1999). To grow internationally, Starbucks sought out license agreements with local companies. In 1996, they made their first international expansion into Japan and Singapore. They identify reputable companies that had experience in retailing and strong local knowledge. Through their aggressive expansion strategy combined with their model to be a connected member of the neighborhood, they have stores in 61 countries and 18,066 shops. They have successful just launched the acquisition into India with the first stores opened in Mumbai in 2012. Starbucks has a diverse beverage product line. Their core business is fresh roasted Arabica coffee, and espresso beverages. From this base, Starbucks continue to innovate their beverage offering based on consumerââ¬â¢s wants where they offer a range of smoothies, teas and chocolate beverages. With tea being a substitute for coffee, they had acquired Tazo Tea and most recently Teavanna. They have expanded their food offering in every store with an emphasis on healthy options. Through a partnership with Pepsi bottling, Starbucks entered the soft drink retail business with bottled Frappuccino and other coffee drinks. The entered the instant home brewing market with the launch of the Starbucks K-Cups. They continue to grow their merchandising and equipment business. Starbucks have a diverse line of merchandise from coffee accessories to music that is played in the stores. They retail all the equipment necessary to properly brew coffee from home, and sell their fresh roasted coffee. Not just a coffee shop and retailer, Starbucks realized its strength and advantage came from motivated baristas who would positively engage customers. The baristas are the face of Starbucks, and to cultivate the Italian espresso bar image, Starbucks had to develop engaged employees. Starbucks is very committed to quality and the image of Starbucks that is why Starbucks does not operate any franchises. At the end of 2012, Starbucks had a total of 18,066 stores of which 9,405 were company owned and 8,661 were licensed stores. The mix of company owned stores and licensed stores allow Starbucks to retain authority while accessing difficult markets and reducing costs. Starbucks classifies its stores into a three-region structure which includes: 1) Americas; 2) Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and 3) China/Asia Pacific. As of September 30, 2012, Starbucks had 7,857; 882; and 666 stores opened in each region respectfully. Under their licensed agreements, Starbucks had 5,046; 987; and 2,628 stores respectfully in each region (Form 10k). Overall the licensed agreements accounted for 9 percent of total revenue in 2012. Since 2009, Starbucks have seen a rapid and steady increase in their stock price. From the low of $8. 45 per share to the recent value of $65. 11 per share as of June 24th, Starbucks is trading just under its 52 week high. Starbucks is financial sound, producing steady cash from operations indicating steady demand and innovation. Consolidated revenues for 201 were $13. 3 billion which is an increase of 13. 7 percent from 2012 revenues of $11. 7 billion. From the $13. 3 billion, company-owned stores contributed 79. 2%; licensed stores ââ¬â 9. %; and CPG food serveries contributed 11. 7% (Form 10K). Starbucks has been making financial improvements to its operating income which is up 40% since 2010. Their net income is also up 46% since 2010. With this increase only brings marginal performance increase. The operating margin for 2012 was 15% up from 13% in 2010. This has only seen slight improvements due to the volatility in the commodity markets and high costs of operating the stores. Starbucks has been steadily improving and that have estimated a revenue increase of 10 to 13 percent for 2013. They continue to develop and expand their channel development line which includes K-Cups and bottled coffee and tea drinks. They will see a steady increase in revenue from their licensed stores as-well-as their company owned stores. Their stock is estimated to appreciate into the low $70 per share range for 2013. Starbucks faces extensive competition on their coffee beverage business from quick-service restaurants and specialty coffee shops. As more local coffee shops open, they pressure the sales of existing Starbucks. Dunkin Donuts has set its sight on Starbucks, and has rebranded them a beverage company. By 2015 they plan to have opened 15,000 stores west of the Mississippi with a large portion of those stores operating in California (Oââ¬â¢Connor, 2013). In distribution and sale of coffee and premade coffee products, Starbucks faces completion from nationwide coffee manufacturers. Kraft Foods is the supplier of Maxwell house and Procter and Gamble is the parent company of Folgers brand coffee. Recently Starbucks had a deal fall through with Kraft over the distribution of coffee to supermarkets. Schultzââ¬â¢s vision to create a company with soul derived the basis of Starbucks competitive advantage. Schultzââ¬â¢s dream to treat every employee with respect and to do better for the community became a way of life for Starbucks through good and bad financial times. Through extensive employee training and involvement, Starbucks developed actively engaged baristas that exceeds customersââ¬â¢ expectations of their coffee shops. Every new hire receives 24 hours of training within the first two to four weeks. They learn how to address and engage the customer, brew the perfect cup, and properly handle the coffee. Starbucks coffee line is hand chosen from around the world. Starbucks strives for the highest standard in the coffee industry and bypasses the coffee commodity market. They enter into fix-price contracts to secure their supply. This also allows Starbucks to exert considerable power of farmers to rely on the accuracy of the fair trade agreements. The stores ambiance of Starbucks is critically important to driving the culture and experiences at the coffee shop. Starbucks developed their own internal team of architects and designers to ensure that each store would convey the right image and character (Arthur, 1999). The company went to great lengths to make sure the store fixtures, the merchandise displays, the colors, the artwork, the banners, the music, and the aromas all blended to create a consistent, inviting, stimulating environment that evoked the romance of coffee, that signaled the companys passion for coffee, and that rewarded customers with ceremony, stories, and surprise (Arthur, 1999). Soon the cost of opening a new store became highly undesirable. Starbucks responded by centralizing buying which allowed them to realize a discount of 20 to 30 percent on orders from vendors. They focused on the equipment that was absolutely necessary for a successful new launch and employed a just in time management system on materials. This significantly cut costs and lowered store development time from 24 to 18 weeks. Through innovation Starbucks continues to remain competitive. Schultzââ¬â¢s built a company where employees can freely, without repercussions, submit ideas and comments about any aspect of the business. Through technological change, Starbucks have captured and stayed true to their promise of coffee and connectedness. Through digital applications, customers can pay for their order by using their phone to enhance the experience of their 14. 6 million loyalty card members. They adapt to consumer preferences and delivered Starbucks K-cups, a lighter roast coffee, and Starbucks refreshers. A constant problem that Starbucks faces is the increased competition from specialty coffee shops around the country. These shops possess a great threat to Starbucks because they specialize in fair trade organic coffee, but have a reputation of being the small business. Starbucks have been able to maintain a competitive edge over the small local coffee shop through their support of the ââ¬Å"hubâ⬠system, high traffic locations, and Starbucks mission. The ââ¬Å"hubâ⬠system allows for a highly talented team to quickly react to changes in the local market and satisfy consumers. The highly visible and high traffic locations make for convenience when consumers are in a rush on their daily routine. Starbucks involvement in the community through their extensive corporate social responsibility programs makes Starbucks seem like the local coffee shop. Starbucks Coffee Company (Starbucks) has five major stakeholder groups: customers, partners (employees), community / ââ¬Å"neighbors,â⬠suppliers and shareholders. Customers ââ¬â Starbucks is incredibly dedicated to its customer base and emphasizes the human connection. Starbucks aims to, ââ¬Å"connect with, laugh with, and upliftâ⬠(Starbucks mission statement) its customers, even though the customer interaction time is short. Partners (employees) ââ¬â Starbucks does not simply call its employees, ââ¬Ëemployees,ââ¬â¢ but rather partners because it is not just a job, but a passion (mission statement). Everyone within the organization ââ¬Å"treats each other with respect and dignity. â⬠All partners can feel comfortable being themselves because Starbucks is a place that embraces everyoneââ¬â¢s individuality. Community / ââ¬Å"Neighborsâ⬠ââ¬â Starbucks has an extensive program around social responsibility and corporate citizenship. Starbucks believe that it should ââ¬Å"have a positive impact on the communities it serves, one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. â⬠(http://www. starbucks. com/responsibility) Suppliers ââ¬â As part of its community and neighbor focus, Starbucks is passionate about ethically sourcing its coffee beans and ââ¬Å"improving the ives of people who grow them. â⬠(Mission Statement). Starbucks also makes it a point to work with suppliers that share the same vision of social responsibility. If a supplier is not meeting expectations, Starbucks will work with that supplier to make the necessary changes. Shareholders ââ¬â Starbucks believes that if it can deliver in all of the above mentioned areas that it will be successful and be able to reward its shareholders. It wants its shareholder to ââ¬Å"endure and thriveâ⬠(mission statement). Conflict among stakeholders can arise during changing economic conditions, specifically when suppliers are forced to raise prices. This increase in expense for Starbucks can translate into charging higher prices for its products. Customers may be turned off and change their habits and purchase their morning coffee from a competitor. This in turn will affect the financial success of the company and negatively impact the return to shareholders. (Annual report) However, interestingly enough coffee prices are actually falling but Starbucks has decided to increase its prices for certain products, as much as 10 cents. The shareholders will benefit from the extra money to the bottom line, but customers will be unhappy and may feel as though they are being taken advantage of. Table 1 (below), displays Starbucksââ¬â¢ top-management hierarchy, much in the same way the Jones text does in Figure 2. 1 (Jones, p. 38). Starbucks is a publically traded company so its shareholders are the legal owners of the organization. To oversee its governance structure, Starbucksââ¬â¢ Board of Directors adopted governance principles, committee charters and policies that guide the company to stay committed to its mission and maintain its uncompromising principles as it grows (corporate governance). The Board of Directors is also accountable for monitoring and evaluating the corporate-level management team that is responsible for Starbuckââ¬â¢s overall vision, strategic planning and goal-setting. Starbucksââ¬â¢ executive team is led by company founder and CEO, Howard Shultz. Schultzââ¬â¢s top-management team is made up of 14 executives that set strategy and oversee specific geographic areas (Americas, Asia, Africa, etc. ) and company functions like marketing, public affairs, community involvement, digital business, global strategy, and global coffee. Following down the chain of command are managers in line roles that are specifically responsible for the production of coffee in six roasting plants, and managers in staff roles that are responsible for overseeing specific organizational functions like communications, design, engineering finance, green coffee and tea management ,marketing, operations, procurement, quality, research and development, sales, social responsibility and supply chain management. Beyond the central functions are the divisional and functional management teams that oversee Starbucksââ¬â¢ 18,066 (annual report) company-operated and licensed stores throughout the world. In succession, regional directors oversee district managers that oversee store managers that supervise assistant store managers that supervise assistant store managers that oversee shift supervisors and baristas. Each position has its own responsibilities for meeting financial, management and customer service goals. One of the most important positions is probably that of the barista, as those partners are the face of Starbucks interacting with customers and create that personalized and unique customer experience. Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-60323389165785076612019-11-27T20:18:00.001-08:002019-11-27T20:18:02.821-08:00The Development Of The Atomic Theory Essays - Chemistry, Physics The Development Of The Atomic Theory The Greek concept of atomos: the atom Around 440 BC leucippus of Miletus originated the atom concept. He and his pupil, Democritus of abdera refined it for future use. Their atomic idea has five major points. All original writings of leucippus and Democritus are lost. The only sources we have for there atomistic ideas are inquotations from other writers. Democritus was known as the laughing philosopher because he enjoyed life so much. At this time Greek philosophy was about 150 years old, emerging in the sixth century bc, centered in the city of miletus on the ionian coast in Asia minor, which is now turkey. The work of leucippus and Democritus was further developed by epicures (341-270 BC) of Samos. He made ideas more generally known. Aristotle also quotes both of them in arguing against their ideas. Most of what we know about leucippus and Democritus was found in a poem entitled de rerum natura (on the nature of things) written by Lucretius (95-55 BC). This poem was lost for over a thousand years and was discovered in 1417. These are the basic points of their theory. #1 - all matter is composed of atoms, which are bits of matter to small to be seen. These cannot be split any smaller. The atomists hold that splitting stops when it reaches indivisible particles and goes on no more Which means there is a limit to division of matter that we cannot go. Atoms are very hard so they cannot be divided. In Greek a means not and tomos means cut. So our word comes from atomos, meaning uncuttable. He reasoned that if matter could be infinitely divided, it could also completely disintegrate and cannot be put back together, however matter can regenerate. Even though matter can be destroyed by splitting, new things can be made by joining other matter together. This process is reversible. The idea of reversibility means there must be a limit to splitting. If it could be split forever, there is nothing to stop it from destroying itself. Epicures insisted on an upper limit also, that atoms are always invisible, it seems obvious; all matter that can be seen is still divisible, so they can't be atoms. #2- there is an empty space between atoms. Unless there is a void with a separate being of its own 'what is' cannot be moved-nor again can it be 'many' since there is nothing to keep things apart. So there is an empty space between atoms, or a vacuum. Given that all matter is composed of atoms, then all changes must be a result of movement of atoms. So the movement within the atoms is allowed by a space so atoms can move from place to place. #3- atoms are completely solid. If there is a space outside there cannot be a space inside, which would cause to disintegrate. But we knowthis is wrong, in 1919 Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus, demonstrating that there is an empty space. #4- atoms are homogeneous (no internal structure) The solidarity of atoms means that atoms are the same all over, or has no internal structure. There was speculation about sub-atomic structure in the 1800's introduced it on solid scientific basis, not until 1897, J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron that it had internal structure. #5- atoms are different in? 1- there size. 2- their shapes. Democritus and leuccippus say thatthere are indivisible bodies, infinite number and shape Aristotle They have all sorts of shapes and appearances and sizes Democritus Aristotle and others opposed almost all of the ideas of the atom, so most of the information was lost. There is a pattern of atomic thought but only a few scholars gave it real thought. It wasn't until 1803 that john Dalton (1766-1844) a schoolteacher put the atom on a solid scientific base. Dalton's gift for analyzing data allowed him to recognize the connection between atomic weight and weight relations in chemical gases. He was the first to put the idea of atoms and stoichiometry together. Dalton's atomic laws are in the following points. #1- all matter consists of tiny particles called atoms. The existence of atoms first came up 2000 years ago. Though they remained pure speculation for most of this time. #2- Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-38905315288566379642019-11-24T03:53:00.001-08:002019-11-24T03:53:03.770-08:00Marketin Strategy In E-Commerce Essays - Management, Free EssaysMarketin Strategy In E-Commerce Essays - Management, Free Essays Marketin Strategy In E-Commerce Marketing Strategy and E-Commerce Introduction With the rapidly advancing technologies that are occurring in modern business, organisations are required to be ready, and able to adapt within their ever-changing environment. It is true across all diverse industries that in order to stay competitive, organisations must be able to utilise the various tools that technology has to offer. Technological factors have been of growing importance, particularly in recent years. A major factor involved in these technology issues is the use of the Internet as a major issue to modern organisations. The Internet has been rapidly growing since it's inception and is now commonly used in all sectors of societies, in all corners of the globe. The Internet has quickly become one of the most valuable assets in modern technology, and as such, is developing as an integral part of modern commerce. As with past technologies, the Internet will have future technological advances develop from its own growth. The task the organisations of in the new century? Realise future opportunities and threats, and base a strategy accordingly. Is it clich to say that 'the Internet changes everything': the challenge now is to say what, how and how quickly. (When Companies Connect, 1999, p.19) The Internet has lead to the birth and evolution of electronic commerce or E-commerce. E-commerce has now become a key component of many organisations in the daily running of their business. Simply defined, electronic commerce is a system of online shopping and information retrieval accessed through networks of personal computers. (Reedy, J. Schullo, S. Zimmerman, K. 2000, pg. 29) E-commerce challenges traditional organisational practices, and opens ups a vast array of issues that the organisations must address. By focusing on the varying levels of an organisation, it soon become apparent the effects that E-commerce can have. An understanding of the implication E-commerce has on such organisational divisions can help businesses gain understanding h ence plan for it's inevitable continuing evolution. In terms of marketing, the modern organisation must be critically aware of the development of E-commerce, and the implications that it entails. Marketers develop their own recipe of promotional tactics to fit the product lines or industries in which they compete. Now electronic communications tools are and will continue to be an important ingredient in the promotional mix (Reedy, J. Schullo, S. Zimmerman, K. 2000, pg. 29) In assessing the implications of E-commerce in terms of marketing, it is important to understand its impact in respect to marketing strategy formulation. As the Internet, and in turn E-commerce has developed, and continues to evolve and grow, it is vital that any organisation, in any particular industry, must base it's strategic planning around such a rapidly growing medium. The growth of the Internet is an environmental influence that must be embraced and understood so to successfully plan for future marketing implementation. In order to successful realise the impact that E-commerce has in terms of marketing, it is important to break the area of interest into some key areas. As most of the issues that arise in terms of E-commerce represent organisations entering the environment, it seems natural to base discussion around this. Therefore, the bulk of the literature review relates existin g organisations entering into the E-commerce market environment. In successfully identifying the relationship between E-commerce and strategy, the issues are categorised as follows: 1. Strategic analysis Understanding the environment 2. Identifying the strategic options/SWOT analysis Strategic Advantages/Disadvantages Advertising Electronic cost cutting/publishing/Process 3. Corporate level, Business level, d Marketing level 4. Retailing in E-commerce Implementation Issues Financial Performance monitoring 5. Conclusion Based on current knowledge state To gain a clearer understanding of the implication of E-Commerce in the formulation of marketing strategy, it is imperative to gain a clear understanding of the environment and it's relevant effects. This helps in understanding the rationale in a developing marketing strategy, particularly the influences of E-Commerce on its make-up. The next crucial element is to gain an understanding of E-commerce itself, as well as the current and p ossible future developments. In understanding E-commerce's impact on strategic foundations, an organisation's strategies can be more clearly focused. Once the organisation and E-commerce's respective environments are clear it is then possible to understand E-commerce's implications in regards to Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-49409188139275883422019-11-21T06:31:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:31:03.666-08:00World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2World War II - Essay Example The article, which features a documentary film ââ¬Å"Touching the Tigers,â⬠focuses on the idea that China was an ally of the United States in WWII, and hopefully seeks to instill the notion that it is so until now. In fact, one of those who were responsible for Benedaââ¬â¢s survival was then military commander Li Zongren, who went on to become President of China in 1949 (Friedersdorf, 2012). The truth of this matter is implied to have been confirmed by Benedaââ¬â¢s widow, Elinor Beneda, who was mentioned in another article (ââ¬Å"Documentary,â⬠2011). In fact, the Chinese Peopleââ¬â¢s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries have even wanted everyone to know about such friendship that China fostered with the United States, through Benedaââ¬â¢s story (Friedersdorf, 2012). This is perhaps a political strategy to use World War II anecdotal evidence in order to help neutralize the increasing tension between the United States and China. Nowadays, China opposes U.S. sanctions on Iran (Censky, 2012). Moreover, China complains that the United States has not been particularly open to Chinese investors (Censky, 2012). China has also recently challenged the Philippines, an ally of the United States, in the dispute over who has a right to the Scarborough Shoal (Boot & Kirkpatrick, 2012). These misunderstandings plus the fact that China has been rumored to surpass the U.S. in terms of size of economy in 2016 and the fact that Pres. Obama ââ¬Å"will not stand by when [the United Statesââ¬â¢] competitors donââ¬â¢t play by the rulesâ⬠(Censky, 2012). However, the article seems to shed a more positive light on these aforementioned matters. Through the article, as well as through the influence of the documentary film it describes, U.S.-China relations will hopefully end up in a more positive light, or as what Henry Kissinger describes as ââ¬Å"â⬠¦a strong, prosperous, and successful China that plays Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-30825293229757356032019-11-20T06:53:00.001-08:002019-11-20T06:53:04.879-08:00Discuss point of view in Walkers Everyday Use . Is the narrator EssayDiscuss point of view in Walkers Everyday Use . Is the narrator reliable How does the point of view affect our assessment of the other characters in the - Essay Example The Mother appreciated her modest yard as the following quote shows, ââ¬Å"anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the houseâ⬠(Walker, 1998). Yet the Mother could also face the tragedy in her life, like when her daughter was burned. This is proven by the quote, ââ¬Å"Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggies arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes (Walker, 1998). She did not sugar coat the events in her life by making them appear better or more tragic than they were. This view of her life makes the Motherââ¬â¢s narrative believable. The Motherââ¬â¢s choice of words when describing herself and her daughters also make the narrative plausible. When describing herself, she is far from flattering by saying, ââ¬Å"In real life I am a large, big.boned woman with rough, man.working handsâ⬠(Walker, 1998). Her daughter Maggie, who had been burned in the fire, was described as ââ¬Å"a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind to himâ⬠(Walker, 1998). The Motherââ¬â¢s other daughter, Dee, receives more of her venom. She is illustrated as pretentious, always wanting to be better than her Mother and Maggie. These descriptions are blunt, so make the story more credible. Using the descriptions of her daughters, the Mother makes the reader feel sorry for Maggie and contemptuous of Dee. When relating Maggieââ¬â¢s acceptance of her fate, by marrying a local boy because of her self esteem being damaged by her burns, the reader admires and pities Maggie. On the other hand, when Dee comes home with a new African name, trying to relate to her African roots, her Mother is disgusted. Deeââ¬â¢s real roots were there at their home with the Mother and Maggie, but her exaggerated ways make the Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-83633789678203986122019-11-17T20:06:00.001-08:002019-11-17T20:06:02.856-08:00Death Sentence Errors or Gun Control Term PaperDeath Sentence Errors or Gun Control - Term Paper Example A moral and legal analysis of the second amendment can help in clarifying whether infringement of right of owning and carrying arms should be allowed or disallowed. Firstly, there are no rights that are absolute in nature; even the rights that Americans have been allotted by God and by the Bill of Rights have certain limitation. Similarly, the right of owning and carrying arms cannot even be absolute and can be infringed upon if the person having a particular right is indulged in the act of misusing his/her right. The absolute nature of the right of owning and carrying arms has been challenged by the courts itself for several times. For example during the Miller case which took place during the 20th century, the court ruled that citizens of US are only allowed to carry certain kinds of weapons and not all weapons (Uviller 21). Later in the case of Stevens v. US, the court ruled that citizens cannot be awarded the duty of militia until they become an official of the militia and the ri ght of owning and carrying arms should only be limited to the militia (Carter 558). This writing will focus on the reasons due to which gun control laws should not be implemented. Gun control laws should not be implemented because law abiding citizens use guns as a self defense against goons who use are armed, secondly, guns in the hands of law abiding citizens deters crime and criminals and gun control laws can only control guns that are registered to the names of law abiding citizens and cannot control guns that are in the hands of criminal minds. Body Issues Associated with Guns According to the statistics of the period of 2010, 358 of individuals were murdered with the use of rifles, 6,009 were murdered through hand guns and 1939 individuals experienced being shot through an unknown firearm (FBI, 2013). During the same period, a total of more than 19000 suicides were committed with the use of firearms. Various costs associated with the use of firearms include medical bills, insu rance cost, and costs experience by the US criminal justice system and during the period of 2010, these costs totaled to $174 billion due to incidences of violence conducted while using guns (Goldman, 2012). During the last month of 2012, a 20 year old guy named Adam Lanza went on a shooting rampage in the Sandy Hook Elementary School and took the precious lives of nearly 20 children and six faculty members of the school along with the murder of his own mom and later shot himself. These incidences clearly show that causing injury and killing others and oneself are the two main tasks of guns. Murders conducted with the assistance of a gun can be recognized as a 1st degree murder which means that the killer had intent of killing and a gun made the task easier. Other kind of murders that may take place includes: murder caused while another form of crime was taking place, murder of a friend due to passion and murders caused due to negligence that is criminal in nature. There have been v arious incidences where the murderer has no intention of committing a murder and was at the crime scene to commit another crime such as rape or theft, but the availability of an armed weapon makes the crime lethal. This means that individuals are not rational choice makers and at times they conduct behaviors which they initially Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077214021853729454.post-80579995081270205942019-11-15T08:37:00.001-08:002019-11-15T08:37:14.944-08:00Cassandra System in FacebookCassandra System in Facebook Cassandra was designed to accomplish scalability and availability for the Inbox Storage problem. It was a system developed for Facebook. It would need to handle more than a billion write operations. It would also need to scale with the number of users. The data centers which serve the users are distributed across earths geography. Figure 1 Cassandra Symbol In order to keep the search latencies down, it would be necessary for the users to replicate the data over the data centers. Facebook has installed Cassandra as its back end storage system. This is done for multiple services available at Facebook. Distributed file systems have hierarchal name spaces. The existing systems allow operations which are disconnected. They are also strong against general issues like outages and network partitions. Conflicts resolution is different in different systems in Coda and Ficus there is level conflict resolution. Application level resolution is allowed by Bayou. Traditional relational databases seek at providing guarantee of consistent replicated data. Amazon uses the Dynamo storage system for storing and retrieving user details. It uses the Gossip member protocol to maintain node data. Vector clock scheme is used to detect conflict. It has more preference for client side conflict resolution mechanism. In systems which need to handle a high write through put, Dynamo can be disadvantages as read would be needed to manage the vector stamps. Casandra is a non-relational database. It has a distributed multi-dimensional map. This map is indexed by a key. The value which the key points to is highly structured. The size of the row key is a string which has no restrictions. It has size corresponding to 16 to 36 bytes. Like the Big table system, the columns are grouped together into sets. These sets are called as column families. The column families are divided into two type: 1) Simple column families These are the normal column families 2) Super column families The super family has a column family inside a column family. Sorted order of the column can be specified. The inbox display usually displays the messages in time sorted fashion. This can be used by Cassandra as it allows the sorting over the columns by time or by name. The results are displayed in easily for the inbox searches in a time sorted manner. The syntax used to access column family is column_family:column. For a super column family it is column_family: super_column: column. Cassandra cluster is used a part of an application. They are then managed as a part of a service. All the deployments have jsut one table in their schema. But it does support the notion of multiple tables. The API of Cassandra has the below three basic commands: insert (table, key, rowMutation) get (table, key, columnName) delete (table, key, columnName) column name stands for a super column family or simple column family, a specific column in the column family. Consider the architecture of storage system involves plenty of complicated scenarios. Many factors need to be handled such as configuration management, robustness, scalability, For this document we consider primary features of Cassandra that includes membership, partitioning, failure handling, scalability, replication For the various read write requests, the module works in synchrony. In order to confirm the completion of writes, the system routes requests to replica. Reads are handled differently. System reroutes the requests to the nearest replica / route and awaits a quorum of responses. Partitioning Ability to increase scaling is a critical feature provided by Cassandra. This is provided in dynamic way. In the cluster, the partition takes place over the storage hosts. Consistent hashing and also preserving has functions are performed to take care of partitioning. Consider the consistent hashing approach. Here the largest hash value covers the smallest hash value. All nodes are then provided another adhoc value represented by the position of ring. Application provides the key with Cassandra leverages that to move requests. Responsibility is established at a node level around the ring region. Main benefit of this approach is that transition of node impacts only the neighboring node, whereas other nodes are not impacted. There does exist some difficulties for this approach. There is lack of uniform data and load distributions due to the adhoc positions of nodes around the ring. The approach ignores the differences in performances of nodes. Replication In order to increase the durability and availability, Cassandra provides replication. For this purpose, all data item is copied over at N hosts. Each node is conscious aware of other nodes in network, thus high durability is established. Each row is replicated across various data centers that are further synced with very high speed network links. Bootstrapping A configuration is maintained for a node joining the cluster. Configuration file provides the necessary contact points to join the cluster. These are known as seeds. A service can also provide such configuration. Zookeeper is one of them. Scaling the Cluster Consider the case of adding a new node to system. For this purpose, a token is assigned to it. Goal is to reduce load on heavily loaded node. New node is split on a range wherein previous node was assigned for. Web dashboards are provided that can perform above tasks. These can also be achieved through command line utility. Local Persistence Local file system helps provide the necessary local persistence for Cassandra. For recovering data efficiently, disks are used to represent data. There are standard write operations. These include ability to commit and update into a data structure. After successful commit log, then write to in-memory data structure is performed. Implementation Details The Cassandra process on a single machine is primarily consists The process involves clustering, fault identification and storage modules. These apply for a specific machine. There exists event driven items. These split the message across the process pipeline and also task pipeline. These are performed across various steps as part of architecture. JAVA is primary source and all modules are built from scratch using Java. For the clustering and fault detection module, input output that is of type non-blocking is built upon. There are few lessons that were learnt over maintaining Cassandra. New features should be added after understanding its implications over the system. Few scenarios are stated below: 7TB of the data needed to be indexed for 00M users. It was extracted, transformed an loaded into the Cassandra database using Map reduce jobs. The Cassandra instance juts becomes a load over the network bandwidth as some of the data was sent over serialized data over the Cassandra network. Application requirement is to have an atomic operation per key per replica. Storage system features, architecture and implementation is described including partitioning, replication, bootstrapping, scaling, persistence and durability. These are explained through Cassandras perspective which provides those benefits. [1] Avinash Lakshman, Facebook Prashant Malik, Facebook, Cassandra A Decentralized Structured Storage System Bardohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15890469480905412806noreply@blogger.com0